Comparison of detection performance of different fluorescent probes for Cr(vi) detection.

Materials	LOD	Linear range	Reference
N, S-co-doped carbon dots	0.52 μM	1–40 μM	48
Co(ii)-doped carbon dots	1.17 μM	5–125 μM	49
P, N-co-doped carbon dots	23 nM	1.5–30 μM	50
P, N-co-doped carbon dots	0.48 μM	1.6–12 μM	51
P, N-co-doped carbon dots	0.71 μM	7–70 μM	This work