Comparison of detection performance of different fluorescent probes for DA detection.

Materials	LOD	Linear range	Reference
GO	94 nM	0.25–20 μM	52
CNPs/Fe3+	68 nM	0.1–10 μM	53
ZnO QDs	12 nM	0.05–10 μM	54
P, N-co-doped carbon dots	0.49 μM	1–50 μM	This work