Table 3.

Elements of Primary Care Integration

Intervention Strategy	Definition	Study
Interdisciplinary care planning	Multidisciplinary team (e.g., medical providers, social workers, nurses) meet on a routine basis to discuss patient cases but not necessarily co-located	Non-ACCESS36,40–43
Co-location	Services that are located in the same physical space (e.g., office, building, campus), though not necessarily fully integrated with one another (e.g., mental health, primary healthcare)	Non-ACCESS35,40–43,45,46*
Enhanced referral	Existing relationships between the intervention site and community primary care, but which is not integrated into the intervention program	Non-ACCESS35,38,41,44,46,47
Standard referral	Intervention is described as connecting patients to primary care but does not provide evidence of interactive communication with those services; this is akin to a case manager facilitating a referral to an external community based primary care clinic from which the patient may be eligible to receive services	Non-ACCESS37,39,40,48

^* Stergiopoulos 2015⁴⁰ includes 2 separate models of care: 1 involves onsite psychiatry that is embedded into an integrated, interdisciplinary team with primary care; 1 involves psychiatry available onsite but primary care is accessed via neighboring clinics