Table 3.

Multilevel Regression Models between Physician Face Gaze and Patient Trust, Perceived Empathy, and Distress

	Trust Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale			Perceived empathy Consultation and Relational Empathy			Distress Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-S
	Β (95%CI)	P (n)	D	Β (95%CI)	P (n)	D	Β (95%CI)	P (n)	D
Crude	−0.16 (−0.34, 0.03)	0.098 (100)	−0.22	0.90 (−2.56, 4.37)	0.609 (93)	0.08	1.37 (0.52, 3.27)	0.155 (100)	0.14
Adjusted for patient gender, age, education, social anxiety, and caregiver presence)	−0.17(−0.34, −0.00)	0.048 (99)	−0.24	2.22 (−1.15, 5.60)	0.197 (93)	0.21	1.34 (−0.58, 3.27)	0.172 (100)	0.13

Note: all models had physician as a nesting factor. Crude analysis is the multilevel regression between the outcome (trust, perceived empathy, distress) and face gaze. Models are adjusted for patient, gender, age, education, social anxiety, and caregiver presence. All intercepts (B), confidence intervals (CI), values of significance (P), sample size (n), and effect sizes (D), for each model are displayed