Figure 1.

Flow chart of the experimental design and analysis. HCC tumor tissue collected at the time of resection was used to establish tumoroid and to develop TIL cultures. Meanwhile, blood sample was isolated of PBLs which were then expanded. In vitro coculture system was assembled of tumoroid and matched TILs or PBLs. To establish tumoroid xenograft model, tumoroids was transplanted subcutaneously into the NCG mice. Afterwards, expanded TILs or PBLs were transferred intravenously into these models to study therapeutic efficacy. ACT, adoptive cell therapy; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NCG, NOD/ShiLtJGpt-Prkdce^m26Il2rge^m26/Gpt; PBLs, peripheral blood lymphocytes; TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.