Summary	Recommendations
Challenge 1: An Increasingly Technical and Multidisciplinary Field	The field has increasingly come to rely on complex multidisciplinary tools Insufficient availability of coursework and a lack of time and flexibility in training requirements make it unfeasible for many students to immerse themselves in the cutting-edge techniques that lie at the center of contemporary research.	Increase access to relevant training opportunities (e.g., classes, workshops, informal learning groups). Increase the utility of training opportunities (e.g., restructuring courses, developing tailored training platforms). Increase the efficiency of training (e.g., consolidate, coordinate, and create structured flexibility in coursework). Collaborate and coordinate efforts (e.g., through training consortia). Invest in the resources that students and faculty need to create or host training opportunities and to make instructional materials and platforms openly available.
Challenge 2: Dual Training	In practice, the integration of basic and applied clinical psychology is extremely difficult.	Foster regular opportunities for meaningful engagement between individuals involved in basic and applied training. For some programs, it may be valuable to establish a practice research network.
Challenge 3: Misalignment between Training and Jobs	There is a fundamental disconnect between the way in which we train students and the jobs that many of them ultimately perform. The majority of graduates provide clinical services as part of their jobs; far fewer graduates pursue careers in academia.	Cultivate respect for clinical training and careers. Create more opportunities for staff scientists. Provide more vocational scaffolding for the range of careers that graduates enter.
Challenge 4: Student Financial Strains	Graduate student pay is low, and median educational debt among students is high. Financial stress represents a significant stressor among graduate students.	Increase student compensation. Create need-based mechanisms to help defray costs that arise during training (e.g., internship applications).
Challenge 5: Systemic Inequities and Inadequate Training	Systemic inequities and racism are pervasive in clinical science. Graduate students who identify as Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC); lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ+); women; and individuals with disabilities face additional barriers in training. Current training in the provision of culturally responsive care and in research practices that can target mental health disparities is inadequate.	Increase support for trainees from underrepresented backgrounds. Enhance training in culturally responsive care and responsible research practices. Increase institutional investment in diversifying clinical science and graduate training.
Challenge 6: Student Health and Wellbeing	Graduate students experience high rates of anxiety and depression.	Universities, departments, and programs should develop and implement plans to support student mental health. Provide evidence-based interventions and ensure student access to care that is independent of their training ecosystem.
Challenge 7: Heavy Student Workload	Expectations for clinical students have become increasingly unrealistic in the context of the allotted time to degree.	Addressing the expectations-versus-time imbalance will require creative solutions and coordination at various levels. Possible solutions include a multi-phasic framework or a cultural shift toward a transdisciplinary focus. An optimal solution will likely encompass elements of each of several proposals and may benefit from increasing flexibility to facilitate structural and cultural changes.
Challenge 8: Insufficient Data for Recursive Refinement	Available data streams are not sufficient for recursive refinement of training practices.	Develop new data streams and evaluate training practices. Develop evidence-based standards for training.
Challenge 9: Systemic Headwinds	Stretched to the limit by their existing research, instructional, service, clinical, and administrative responsibilities, many faculty lack the surplus ‘bandwidth’ that will be required to reimagine and rebuild clinical psychology training.	A ‘team science’ approach will be necessary to solve the current challenges and will require support from accreditors, professional organizations, and other institutional partners. Faculty will need protected time and institutional investment to pursue the solutions proposed here.