Table 1.

Barriers and Facilitators of Integrated Alcohol and Intimate Partner Violence Treatment

CFIR Domain	Barriers	Facilitators/Benefits
Intervention	male engagement; identifying effective interventions; both target problems difficult to change; lack of understanding about causal mechanisms	prevention of future violence; may prevent relapse in one problem in case of relapse of related problem; positive impact on families and children
Inner Setting/Provider	provider communication; lack of training; provider attitudes and biases	creating a setting where both perpetrator and victim are comfortable; streamlined services; provider adopting a nonjudgmental stance; offering hope; emphasizing strengths; being mindful of communication
Outer Setting	static environment undoing progress; services closed to those using alcohol; lack of services/funding; ineffectiveness of law enforcement	shelters; holding perpetrators accountable; integrating treatment with community services (e.g., church, community shelters); banning illicit alcohol; banning drinking during work hours; lobbying for policy and resources; increasing community awareness; changing gender norms/beliefs