Schematic detailing various RNA-based strategies for the upregulation of host restriction factors (top) or the downregulation of host-dependency factors (bottom) to control viral infections. Abbreviations: crRNA, CRISPR RNA; CSE, alphavirus conserved sequence element; dCas9, nuclease-dead Cas9; RdRp, alphavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; sgRNA, single guide RNA; siRNA, small interfering RNA.