The results of fructose conversion after 3 ha.
| Entry | Catalyst | As-synthesized | Calcined | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fructose conv. (%) | 5-HMF (%) | Selectivity (%) | Fructose conv. (%) | 5-HMF (%) | Selectivity (%) | ||
| 1 | Blank | 10.3 | <0.5 | <0.5 | — | — | — |
| 2 | H3PW12O40 | 99.7 | 83.6 | 83.9 | — | — | — |
| 3 | H3PMo12O40 | 70.4 | 46.1 | 65.5 | — | — | — |
| 4 | H4SiW12O40 | 99.3 | 86 | 86.6 | — | — | — |
| 5 | NbCl5 | 99.1 | 75.3 | 76 | — | — | — |
| 6 | Nb2O5 | 99.5 | 73.7 | 74 | — | — | — |
| 7 | NbPW-06 | 99.4 | 86.4 | 87 | 100 | 96.7 | 96.7 |
| 8 | NbPW-1 | 99 | 78.8 | 79.6 | 98.7 | 89 | 90.1 |
| 9 | NbPW-2 | 98.4 | 72.5 | 73.8 | 98.2 | 77.6 | 79 |
| 10 | NbPW-4 | 98.1 | 67.3 | 68.6 | 97.2 | 73.4 | 75.5 |
| 11 | NbPMo-06 | 75.8 | 41.3 | 54.5 | 70.6 | 32.7 | 46.3 |
| 12 | NbSiW-08 | 99.5 | 81.6 | 82.1 | 98.3 | 79.4 | 80.7 |
| 13 | SnPW-075 | 99.4 | 69.4 | 69.8 | 99.6 | 76.5 | 76.8 |
| 14 | CrPW-1 | 99.6 | 76.8 | 77.2 | 99.7 | 81.5 | 81.7 |
| 15 | CePW-1 | 64.5 | 32.1 | 49.8 | 59.3 | 35.9 | 60.5 |
a
Conditions: 56 mM fructose, 50 mg catalyst, 80 °C, 5 mL DMSO, 3 h.