Conversion of fructose to 5-HMF with different solvents^a.

Entry	Solvent	Experimental parameter
		Conversion/%	Yield/%	Selectivity/%
1	DMSO	100	96.7	96.7
2	DMA	87.1	31.3	35.9
3	DMF	91.8	33.5	36.5
4	NMP	96.7	70.3	72.8
5	Acetone	89.5	33.9	37.8
6	MIBK	91.5	1.3	1.5
7	sec-Butanol	92.8	26.3	28.3
8	n-Butanol	22.4	0.9	4.1
9	[EMIM]Br	50.6	5.3	10.5
10	H2O	59.9	7.8	13.0
11	DMSO/H2O (4 : 1)	82.9	5.9	7.2

^aConditions: 56 mM fructose, 50 mg NbPW-06, 80 °C, 3 h.