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. 2022 Apr 26;10:879877. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.879877

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Copyright © 2022 Liu, Qin, Liu, Mi, Zhang, Wang, Zhuang, Xu, Chen, Guo and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characterization and internalization of Hypo-exos and Norm-exos. (A) Morphology of Hypo-exos and Norm-exos observed using transmission electron microscopy; scale bars = 100 nm. (B) Particle size distributions of Hypo-exos and Norm-exos were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis. (C) Comparison of mean diameters of Hypo-exos and Norm-exos. (D) Expression of CD63 and TSG101 in exosomes validated using western blotting. (E) Exosomal protein concentrations in Hypo-exos and Norm-exos analyzed using the BCA assay. (F) Uptake of PKH67-labeled Hypo-exos and Norm-exos into HUVECs; scale bars = 200 μm *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.