Table 2.
Rankings of 10 leading causes of death based on three ranking lists in Japan, 1998, 2008, and 2018
| 1998 (N = 936,484) | 2008 (N = 1,142,407) | 2018 (N = 1,362,470) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Cause | % | Rate | Cause | % | Rate | Cause | % | Rate |
| Government list | |||||||||
| 1 | Cancer | 30.3 | 226.7 | Cancer | 30.0 | 272.3 | Cancer | 27.4 | 300.7 |
| 2 | Heart Dis | 15.3 | 114.3 | Heart Dis | 15.9 | 144.4 | Heart Dis | 15.3 | 167.6 |
| 3 | Stroke | 14.7 | 110.0 | Stroke | 11.1 | 100.9 | Senility | 8.0 | 88.2 |
| 4 | Pneumonia | 8.5 | 63.8 | Pneumonia | 10.1 | 91.6 | Stroke | 7.9 | 87.1 |
| 5 | Accidents | 4.2 | 31.1 | Accidents | 3.3 | 30.3 | Pneumonia | 6.9 | 76.2 |
| 6 | Suicide | 3.4 | 25.4 | Senility | 3.1 | 28.6 | Accidents | 3.0 | 33.2 |
| 7 | Senility | 2.3 | 17.1 | Suicide | 2.6 | 24.0 | Asp Pneu | 2.8 | 31.0 |
| 8 | Renal failure | 1.8 | 13.3 | Renal failure | 2.0 | 17.9 | Renal failure | 1.9 | 21.0 |
| 9 | Liver Dis | 1.7 | 12.9 | Liver Dis | 1.4 | 12.9 | Dementia | 1.5 | 16.5 |
| 10 | Diabetes | 1.3 | 10.0 | COPD | 1.4 | 12.3 | Suicide | 1.5 | 16.1 |
| World Health Organization list | |||||||||
| 1 | Stroke | 14.7 | 56.3 | Stroke | 11.1 | 36.6 | Stroke | 7.9 | 24.5 |
| 2 | Influ & Pneu | 8.6 | 31.6 | Influ & Pneu | 10.1 | 29.3 | Influ & Pneu | 7.2 | 18.5 |
| 3 | IHD | 7.7 | 29.8 | IHD | 6.7 | 23.4 | Lung ca | 5.5 | 18.3 |
| 4 | Stomach ca | 5.4 | 22.6 | Lung ca | 5.9 | 21.6 | IHD | 5.1 | 17.0 |
| 5 | Lung ca | 5.4 | 22.0 | Suicide | 2.8 | 20.2 | Heart failure | 6.4 | 16.9 |
| 6 | Suicide | 3.5 | 20.4 | Heart failure | 5.7 | 17.6 | Suicide | 1.7 | 14.3 |
| 7 | Heart failure | 4.8 | 18.7 | Stomach ca | 4.4 | 16.6 | Colon ca | 3.8 | 13.6 |
| 8 | Colon ca | 3.7 | 15.4 | Colon ca | 3.8 | 14.5 | Stomach ca | 3.2 | 11.1 |
| 9 | Liver ca | 3.6 | 15.1 | Liver ca | 2.9 | 11.2 | Pancreas ca | 2.6 | 9.3 |
| 10 | Transport Inj | 1.4 | 8.5 | Pancreas ca | 2.3 | 8.7 | Urinary Dis | 2.9 | 7.6 |
| Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation list | |||||||||
| 1 | Stroke | 13.6 | 60.3 | Stroke | 11.0 | 38.8 | IHD | 10.0 | 29.9 |
| 2 | IHD | 12.0 | 52.9 | IHD | 10.7 | 38.1 | Stroke | 10.2 | 29.6 |
| 3 | Influ & Pneu | 8.1 | 36.2 | Demen & AD | 9.0 | 28.3 | Demen & AD | 11.8 | 27.7 |
| 4 | Stomach Ca | 5.9 | 25.6 | Influ & Pneu | 8.3 | 27.7 | Influ & Pneu | 8.4 | 22.2 |
| 5 | Lung Ca | 6.0 | 25.4 | Lung Ca | 6.5 | 24.1 | Lung Ca | 6.2 | 21.2 |
| 6 | Demen & AD | 5.4 | 24.4 | Suicide | 2.8 | 18.7 | Colon Ca | 4.6 | 15.8 |
| 7 | Colon Ca | 4.2 | 18.6 | Stomach Ca | 4.9 | 18.7 | Suicide | 1.8 | 14.3 |
| 8 | Suicide | 3.2 | 17.5 | Colon Ca | 4.4 | 16.9 | Stomach Ca | 4.1 | 14.1 |
| 9 | Liver Ca | 3.7 | 16.1 | Liver Ca | 3.1 | 11.9 | Pancreas Ca | 2.7 | 9.6 |
| 10 | Kidney Dis | 2.8 | 12.5 | Kidney Dis | 3.1 | 10.6 | Kidney Dis | 3.2 | 8.9 |
Ca Cancer, Cirrhosis Liver cirrhosis, CLRD Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease, Demen & AD Dementia & Alzheimer Disease, Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Dis Disease, IHD Ischemic Heart Disease, Influ & Pneu Influenza & Pneumonia, Inj Injuries
The rate was age-standardized using WHO 2000 age structure as standard