TABLE 2.
Effect of HDAC inhibitors or gene deletion on renal fibrosis.
| HDAC inhibitors or knockout mice | Target | Model | Effects and mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TSA | Class I/II HDACs | UUO | Inhibit EMT; down regulate the TGF-β1 expression; inhibit the JNK/Notch-2 signaling pathways | Ma et al. (2009), Tung et al. (2017) |
| MS-275 | Class I HDACs | UUO | Suppress phosphorylation of Smad3, EGFR and STAT3; reduce the expression of TGF-β1 | Liu et al. (2013) |
| RGFP966; HDAC3 knock-out mice | HDAC3 | UUO, AAN | Depress the klotho expression | Chen et al. (2021) |
| PCI34051 | HDAC8 | UUO | Inhibit the development of EMT; preserve expression of BMP-7 and Klotho | Zhang et al. (2020) |
| MC1568, HDAC4 siRNA | HDAC4 | UUO | Reduce the expression of pro-fibrosis factors, TGF-β1/Smad3 and NF-κB; preserve expression of klotho, BMP-7 and Smad7 | Xiong et al. (2019) |
| Tubastatin A, HDAC6 siRNA | HDAC6 | Ang II-induced hypertension | Inhibit the transcription of TGF-β, Smad3, collagen I, and CTGF. | Choi et al. (2015) |
| ACY-1215 | HDAC6 | UUO | Inhibit the activation of TGF-β1/Smad3, EGFR/AKT, STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways | Chen et al. (2020) |
| Quisinostat; HDAC11 siRNA | HDAC11 | UUO, Ang II-induced hypertension | Suppress expression of Kruppel-like factor 15 | Mao et al. (2020) |
HDAC, histone deacetylase; TSA, Trichostatin A; UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction; EMT, Epithelial–mesenchymal transition; TGF-β1, Transforming growth factor; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; BMP-7, Bone morphogenetic protein 7; NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B.