TABLE 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients with CHD after PCI grouped by CPET-related cardiovascular events.
| Baseline characteristics | With CPET-related cardiovascular events (n = 43) | Without CPET-related cardiovascular events (n = 1406) | P-value |
| Age (years) | 66.2 ± 8.4 | 60.5 ± 10.2 | 0.002 |
| Male, N (%) | 38 (88.4) | 1113 (79.2) | 0.180 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 3.7 | 25.8 ± 3.5 | 0.901 |
| History of myocardial infarction, N (%) | 19 (42.4) | 398 (28.3) | 0.038 |
| Complete revascularization, N (%) | 32 (74.4) | 959 (68.2) | 0.505 |
| NYHA functional class II, N (%) | 8 (18.6) | 177 (12.6) | 0.245 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 25 (58.1) | 870 (61.9) | 0.635 |
| Hyperlipidemia, N (%) | 34 (79.1) | 961 (68.3) | 0.181 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 21 (48.8) | 454 (32.3) | 0.012 |
| Smoking history, N (%) | 22 (51.2) | 659 (46.9) | 0.643 |
| Family history of CHD, N (%) | 16 (37.2) | 415 (29.5) | 0.310 |
| Exercise habit, N (%) | 26 (60.5) | 922 (65.6) | 0.516 |
| Laboratory indicators | |||
| HbA1c (%) | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 0.001 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 91.0 ± 11.4 | 89.0 ± 20.8 | 0.624 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 0.052 |
| Hb (g/L) | 139.7 ± 17.5 | 141.2 ± 13.9 | 0.607 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 105.5 (50.2, 370.6) | 91.3 (39.3, 229.0) | 0.018 |
| Echocardiography indicators | |||
| LVEDD (mm) | 48.6 ± 7.0 | 48.9 ± 15.0 | 0.932 |
| LVEF (%) | 63.2 ± 14.6 | 65.6 ± 11.0 | 0.401 |
| Sm (cm/s) | 8.5 ± 2.0 | 10.2 ± 2.3 | 0.008 |
| E/Em | 8.7 ± 3.5 | 8.0 ± 3.0 | 0.316 |
| LAA (cm2) | 18.5 ± 3.9 | 19.0 ± 3.7 | 0.555 |
| CPET indicators | |||
| Positive ECG, N (%) | 14 (32.6) | 145 (10.3) | < 0.001 |
| ΔVO2/ΔWR slope inflection, N (%) | 10 (23.3) | 90 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
| Oxygen pulse flattening, N (%) | 16 (37.2) | 213 (15.1) | < 0.001 |
| VO2@AT (ml/min/kg) | 11.4 ± 3.5 | 11.9 ± 3.4 | 0.058 |
| HR@AT (bpm) | 102 ± 12 | 102 ± 14 | 0.836 |
| VO2peak (ml/min/kg) | 17.6 ± 4.5 | 18.6 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 |
| HRpeak (bpm) | 125 ± 20 | 126 ± 20 | 0.748 |
| SBPpeak (mmHg) | 167 ± 27 | 169 ± 28 | 0.690 |
| VE/VCO2 slope > 30 | 31 (72.1) | 518 (36.8) | < 0.001 |
| OUES | 1520.8 ± 338.4 | 1574.2 ± 415 | 0.453 |
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; Cr, creatinine; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Hb, hemoglobin; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; Sm, systolic velocity of mitral annulus; E/Em, the ratio of early diastolic transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic tissue velocity; LAA, left atrium area; VO2@AT, oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold; HR@AT, heart rate at anaerobic threshold; VO2peak, peak oxygen uptake; HRpeak, peak heart rate; SBPpeak, peak systolic blood pressure; VE/VCO2 slope, ventilation per carbon dioxide output slope; OUES, oxygen uptake efficiency slope.