Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Patients (n=13160).
| Variables | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Index presentation | |||
| Stable angina | 5684 (43.2) | ||
| Unstable angina | 3750 (28.5) | ||
| Non-ST-segment elevation MI | 2009 (15.3) | ||
| ST-segment elevation MI | 1717 (13.0) | ||
| Age, yr | 64.4±10.9 | ||
| Male | 8848 (67.2) | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.5±3.1 | ||
| Risk factors* | |||
| Hypertension | 7933 (60.3) | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 8303 (63.1) | ||
| Smoking | 3578 (27.2) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4619 (35.1) | ||
| Insulin-treated | 459 (3.5) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 2875 (21.8) | ||
| Current dialysis | 191 (1.5) | ||
| Anemia | 3345 (25.4) | ||
| Previous history | |||
| History of congestive heart failure | 1072 (8.1) | ||
| Previous MI | 971 (7.4) | ||
| Previous PCI | 1737 (13.2) | ||
| Previous CABG | 163 (1.2) | ||
| Previous stroke | 921 (7.0) | ||
| Laboratory measurements | |||
| LV ejection fraction, % | 58.8±10.6 | ||
| WBC, ×103/mm3 | 7.8±3.0 | ||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.6±1.8 | ||
| Platelet, ×103/mm3 | 243.7± 80.0 | ||
| GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 (MDRD) | 77.3±26.6 | ||
| HbA1c, % | 6.5±1.4 | ||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 173.6±44.0 | ||
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 106.5±42.6 | ||
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 43.9±12.5 | ||
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 142.3± 96.6 | ||
| Angiographic feature | |||
| ACC/AHA lesion | |||
| A/B1 type | 5626 (42.8) | ||
| B2/C type | 7534 (57.2) | ||
| Number of diseased vessels | |||
| One | 7755 (58.9) | ||
| Two | 3517 (26.7) | ||
| Three | 1888 (14.3) | ||
| Multivessel disease | 5405 (41.1) | ||
| Bifurcation lesion | 1508 (11.5) | ||
| Chronic total occlusion lesion | 897 (6.8) | ||
| Procedural data | |||
| Multivessel PCI | 3234 (24.6) | ||
| Treated lesions | |||
| Left main coronary artery | 659 (5.0) | ||
| Left anterior descending artery | 7757 (58.9) | ||
| Left circumflex artery | 3933 (29.9) | ||
| Right coronary artery | 5018 (38.1) | ||
| Stent type† | |||
| 1st generation DES | 1934 (14.7) | ||
| ≥2nd generation DES | 11226 (85.3) | ||
| Number of stent, n | 1.6±0.8 | ||
| Stent length, mm | 35.1±21.9 | ||
| Stent diameter, mm | 3.03±0.44 | ||
| Concomitant medications | |||
| Aspirin | 12831 (97.5) | ||
| Clopidogrel | 13160 (100.0) | ||
| Cilostazol | 1292 (9.8) | ||
| Beta blocker | 7627 (58.0) | ||
| Angiotensin blockade | 8063 (61.3) | ||
| Calcium channel blocker | 3118 (23.7) | ||
| Statin | 11607 (88.2) | ||
| Proton pump inhibitor | 2235 (17.0) | ||
MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; LV, left ventricular; WBC, white blood cell; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; ACC, American College of Cardiology; AHA, American Heart Association; DES, drug-eluting stent.
Continuous variables are expressed as a mean±SD.
*Hypertension was diagnosed according to one of the following: 1) history of hypertension diagnosed and treated with medication, diet, and/or exercise; 2) blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic on at least two occasions; or 3) currently on antihypertensive pharmacologic therapy. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed according to one of the following: 1) total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL; 2) LDL-cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL; 3) HDL-cholesterol <40 mg/dL; or 4) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL. Current smoker was defined as the use of tobacco within 1 year of admission; diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to one of the following: 1) a history of diabetes, regardless of duration of disease, or need for antidiabetic agents; 2) a fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL; or 3) glycosylated hemoglobin ≥6.5%. Chronic kidney disease was diagnosed according to one of the following: 1) GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (MDRD); 2) on dialysis; or 3) history of a renal transplantation. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level <12 g/dL in women and 13 g/dL in men; †First-generation DES indicates durable polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES: Taxus, Pico) or sirolimus-eluting stents (SES: Cypher). Second-generation DESs include next-generation DESs, including everolimus-eluting stent (EES: Promus, Xience), zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES: Endeavor, Resolute, Onyx), biolimus-eluting stent (BES: Biolimus A9), and polymer-free SES. If a patient was treated with first- and second-generation DESs together, this patient was considered as implantation with first-generation DES.