Table 1.
Baseline sample description of all participants according to the presence of obesity and abdominal obesity.
| Characteristic | All participants | Non-obesity (BMI < 24) (N = 160; 37.2%) | Overweight (BMI ≥ 24 and <24) (N = 185; 43.0%) | Obesity (BMI≥28) (N = 85; 19.8%) | P1 | No abdominal obesity (WHR < 0.85) (N = 372;86.5%) | Abdominal obesity (WHR ≥ 0.85) (N = 58;13.5%) | P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 430 | 160 | 185 | 85 | 372 | 58 | ||
| Age, mean (SD), yr | 52.5 (6.4) | 50.9 (6.3) | 53.1 (5.9) | 53.4 (7.0) | 0.002 | 52.1 (6.3) | 53.9 (6.2) | 0.04 |
| Menopausal age, mean (SD), yr | 50.4 (3.2) | 50.2 (3.2) | 50.6 (3.2) | 50.3 (3.3) | 0.42 | 49.7 (3.5) | 50.1 (3.9) | 0.65 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 25.3 (3.4) | 22.0 (1.4) | 25.9 (1.1) | 30.2 (2.1) | <0.001 | 25.1 (3.2) | 26.9 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| Currently Smoking, No. (%) | 3 (0.7) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.46 | 2 (0.5) | 1 (1.7) | 0.38 |
| Presence of anxiety symptoms, No. (%) | 40 (9.3) | 19 (11.9) | 17 (9.2) | 4 (4.7) | 0.16 | 37 (9.9) | 3 (5.2) | 0.33 |
| Presence of depressive symptoms, No. (%) | 96 (22.3) | 26 (16.3) | 49 (26.5) | 21 (24.7) | 0.06 | 87 (23.4) | 9 (15.5) | 0.23 |
| Hot flashes, No. (%) | 0.08 | 0.51 | ||||||
| None | 269 (62.6) | 103 (64.4) | 113 (61.1) | 53 (62.4) | 234 (62.9) | 35 (60.3) | ||
| ≤2/d | 122 (28.4) | 50 (31.3) | 51 (27.6) | 21 (24.7) | 107 (28.8) | 15 (25.9) | ||
| 3-9/d | 33 (7.7) | 7 (4.4) | 18 (9.7) | 8 (9.4) | 27 (7.3) | 6 (10.3) | ||
| ≥10/d | 6 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.6) | 3 (3.5) | 4 (1.1) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| Severity of VMS, No. (%) | 0.02 | 0.08 | ||||||
| Not bothered | 232 (54.0) | 83 (51.9) | 99 (53.5) | 50 (58.8) | 205 (55.1) | 27 (46.6) | ||
| Mild bothered | 188 (43.7) | 77 (48.1) | 80 (43.2) | 31 (36.5) | 161 (43.3) | 27 (46.6) | ||
| Moderate/severe bothered | 10 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 6 (3.2) | 4 (4.7) | 46(1.6) | 4 (6.9) | ||
| Severity of psychological symptoms, No. (%) | 0.95 | 0.38 | ||||||
| Not bothered | 40 (9.3) | 15 (9.4) | 16 (8.6) | 9 (10.6) | 33 (8.9) | 7 (12.1) | ||
| Mild bothered | 381 (88.6) | 141 (88.1) | 165 (89.2) | 75 (88.2) | 330 (88.7) | 51 (87.9) | ||
| Moderate/severe bothered | 9 (2.1) | 4 (2.5) | 4 (2.2) | 1 (1.2) | 9 (2.4) | 0 | ||
| Severity of physical symptoms, No. (%) | 0.13 | 0.61 | ||||||
| Not bothered | 10 (2.4) | 6 (3.8) | 3 (1.6) | 1 (1.2) | 9 (2.4) | 1 (1.8) | ||
| Mild bothered | 401 (94.4) | 150 (94.3) | 170 (92.9) | 81 (97.6) | 350 (94.6) | 51 (92.7) | ||
| Moderate/severe bothered | 14 (3.3) | 3 (1.9) | 10 (5.5) | 1 (1.2) | 11 (3.0) | 3 (5.5) | ||
| Severity of sexual functioning symptoms, No. (%) | 0.41 | 0.11 | ||||||
| Not bothered | 131 (30.7) | 54 (34.0) | 48 (26.1) | 29 (34.5) | 116 (31.4) | 15 (26.3) | ||
| Mild bothered | 206 (48.2) | 71 (44.7) | 98 (53.3) | 37 (44.0) | 182 (49.2) | 24 (42.1) | ||
| Moderate/severe bothered | 90 (21.1) | 34 (21.4) | 38 (20.7) | 18 (21.4) | 72 (19.5) | 18 (31.6) | ||
| Menopausal status, No. (%) | 0.37 | 0.38 | ||||||
| Premenopausal | 70 (16.3) | 34 (21.3) | 26 (14.1) | 10 (11.8) | 60 (16.1) | 10 (17.2) | ||
| Early menopausal transition | 55 (12.8) | 24 (15.0) | 22 (11.9) | 9 (10.6) | 52 (14.0) | 3 (5.2) | ||
| Late menopausal transition | 65 (15.1) | 28 (17.5) | 26 (14.1) | 11 (12.9) | 56 (15.1) | 9 (15.5) | ||
| Postmenopause, Stage +1a | 21 (4.9) | 6 (3.8) | 9 (4.9) | 6 (7.1) | 17 (4.6) | 4 (6.9) | ||
| Postmenopause, Stage +1b | 22 (5.1) | 7 (4.4) | 10 (5.4) | 5 (5.9) | 19 (5.1) | 3 (5.2) | ||
| Postmenopause, Stage +1c | 111 (25.8) | 37 (23.1) | 53 (28.6) | 21 (24.7) | 98 (26.3) | 13 (22.4) | ||
| Postmenopause, Stage +2 | 86 (20.0) | 24 (15.0) | 39 (21.1) | 23 (27.1) | 70 (18.8) | 16 (27.6) | ||
| Income, No. (%) | 0.61 | 0.03 | ||||||
| <1000RMB | 200 (46.6) | 69 (43.1) | 88 (47.6) | 43 (51.2) | 177 (47.7) | 23 (39.7) | ||
| 1000-2000 RMB | 153 (35.7) | 58 (36.3) | 65 (35.1) | 30 (35.7) | 136 (36.7) | 17 (29.3) | ||
| >2000 RMB | 76 (17.7) | 33 (20.6) | 32 (17.3) | 11 (13.1) | 58 (15.6) | 18 (31.0) | ||
| General health status, No. (%) | 0.75 | 0.71 | ||||||
| excellent | 85 (19.9) | 31.(19.5) | 41 (22.2) | 13 (15.5) | 73 (19.7) | 12 (21.1) | ||
| good | 322 (75.2) | 120 (74.8) | 136 (73.5) | 67 (79.8) | 281 (75.7) | 41 (71.9) | ||
| poor | 21 (4.9) | 9 (5.7) | 8 (4.3) | 4 (4.8) | 17 (4.6) | 4 (7.0) | ||
| Marital status, No. (%) | 0.71 | |||||||
| Single | 3 (0.7) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (1.7) | 0.11 | |
| Married | 391 (90.9) | 147 (91.9) | 170 (91.9) | 74 (87.1) | 336 (90.3) | 55 (94.8) | ||
| Widowed | 17 (4.0) | 4 (2.5) | 7 (3.8) | 6 (7.1) | 17 (0.5) | 0 (1.7) | ||
| Divorced | 19 (4.4) | 8 (5.0) | 7 (3.8) | 4 (4.7) | 17 (4.6) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| Educational status, No. (%) | 0.004 | 0.88 | ||||||
| Middle school | 131 (30.5) | 32 (20.0) | 62 (33.5) | 37 (44.0) | 113 (30.5) | 18 (31.0) | ||
| High school | 152 (35.4) | 62 (38.8) | 61 (33.0) | 29 (34.5) | 131 (35.3) | 21 (36.2) | ||
| College | 113 (26.3) | 49 (30.6) | 50 (27.0) | 14 (16.7) | 97 (26.1) | 16 (27.6) | ||
| University or higher | 33 (7.7) | 17 (10.6) | 12 (6.5) | 4 (4.8) | 30 (8.1) | 3 (5.2) |
BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; VMS, vasomotor symptom; SD, standard deviation; RMB, Renminbi.
The bold values indicated P < 0.05.