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. 2022 May 5;80(6):1723–1737. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab104

Table 2.

Characteristics of included randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of hibiscus supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors

Study Design Participants’ health condition and number by arm Frequency and duration Intervention and dose Outcome parameters
Herrera-Arrelano et al 200451 RCT

  • Stage 1 hypertension

  • I: 39 C: 37

 Twice daily for 4 wk 10 g HS calyx capsule (9.62 mg AC) vs 25 mg captopril SBP, DBP, PP
Herrera-Arrelano et al 200652 RCT, DB

  • Stage 1 hypertension

  • I: 85 C: 83

 Once daily for 4 wk HS calyx (250 mg AC) vs 10 mg lisinopril SBP, DBP
Mozaffari-Khosravi et al 200953 RCT, DB

  • Type 2 diabetes

  • I: 27 C: 26

 Twice daily for 4 wk 2 g HS as tea vs 2 g black tea SBP, DBP, PP
Gurrola-Diaz et al 201054 RCT, 2 arms: A = healthy, B = MeSy

  • Healthy; I: 18 C: 11

  • MeSy; I : 26 C: 27

 Once daily for 4 wk 100 mg HS calyx capsule vs a preventive diet SBP, DBP, LDL, HDL, TC, TG, FPG
McKay et al 201055 RCT, DB, PC

  • Prehypertension

  • I: 35 C: 30

 3 cups a d for 6 wk 1.25 g HS calyx as tea vs PC (artificial hibiscus-flavored water) SBP, DBP
Mozaffari-Khosravi et al 201356 RCT

  • Type 2 diabetes

  • I: 48 C: 46

 3 times a d for 4 wk 3 g HS tea vs 3 g green tea SBP, DBP, PP, FPG
Nwachukwu et al 201557 RCT, comparative

  • Stage 1 hypertension

  • I: 25 C1: 25 C2: 25

 Daily for 4 wk and 1-wk withdrawal HS calyx capsule (150 mg/kg) vs HCTZ (25 mg) vs placebo SBP, DBP
Asgary et al 201658 RCT, DB, PC

  • MeSy

  • I: 18 C: 17

 Once daily for 4 wk 500 mg HS calyx capsule vs maltodextrin PC SBP, DBP, LDL, HDL, TC, TG, FPG.
Kafeshani et al 201759 RCT, DB, PC

  • Healthy

  • I: 17 C: 16

 Once daily for 6 wk 450 mg HS capsule or 450 mg green capsule SBP, DBP, LDL, HDL, TC, TG
Seck et al 201760 RCT

  • Stage 1 hypertension

  • I: 42 C: 41

 Once daily for 4 wk 320 mg HS calyx vs 5 mg ramipril SBP, DBP
Jalalyazdi et al 201961 RCT, PC

  • Prehypertension

  • I: 23 C: 23

 Twice daily for 4 wk 1.25 g HS tea vs DASH diet SBP, DBP
Mozaffari-Khosravi et al 200962 RCT. DB

  • Type 2 diabetes

  • I: 27 C: 26

 Twice daily for 4 wk 2 g HS as tea vs 2 g black tea LDL, HDL, TC, TG
Kuriyan et al 201063 DB, RCT, PC

  • Healthy

  • I: 28 C: 29

 Once daily for 90 d 1 g HS leaves capsule vs maltodextrin placebo LDL, HDL, TC, TG, FPG
Mohagheghi et al 201164 RCT

  • Stage 1 hypertension

  • I: 42 C: 42

 Once daily for 15 d 15 mg of calyx HS as tea vs black tea LDL, HDL, TC, TG, FPG
Chang et al 201465 DB, RCT, PC

  • Obese

  • I: 19 C: 17

 Once daily for 12 wk 250 mg HS with 50 mg starch vs a 500 mg starch PC LDL, HDL, TC, TG, FPG
Hajifaraji et al 201866 RCT

  • Dyslipidemia

  • I: 21 C: 22

 Twice daily for 12 wk 2 g HS tea vs 2 g black tea LDL, HDL, TC, TG
Izadi et al 202167 RCT, DB, PC

  • NAFLD

  • I: 30 C: 31

 Once daily for 8 wk 450 mg HS capsule vs placebo LDL, HDL, TC, TG

Abbreviations: AC, anthocyanin; C, control; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; DB, double blind; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HS, hibiscus; I, intervention; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MeSy, metabolic syndrome; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; PC, placebo controlled; PP, pulse pressure; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.