Table 2.
An overview of BMP action on osteoclasts.
| BMP ligand | Effect on osteoclast activity | References |
|---|---|---|
| BMP2 | Promotes osteoclast differentiation | (103) |
| Stimulates osteoclasts in the presence of stromal cells | (106) | |
| Stimulates bone resorption in cultured osteoclasts | (104) | |
| Stimulates osteoclast formation in the presence of IL-1α | (107) | |
| BMP4 | Stimulates bone resorption by osteoclasts and promotes bone loss | (82) |
| (104) | ||
| BMP5 | Biphasic stimulatory effect on osteoclast generation, depending on concentration | (108) |
| (109) | ||
| BMP6 | Increases number of TRAP+ cells at optimal concentration, in higher concentrations its stimulatory effect declines | (109) |
| Uncouples osteoblast from osteoclast activity, reduces bone resorption and increases bone formation in rat model | (110) | |
| BMP6 expression increased in mature osteoclasts, activated Wnt pathway to promote osteoblast differentiation and bone formation | (111) | |
| BMP7 | Increases osteoclast formation in vitro in combination with vitamin D3 | (112) |
| (69) | ||
| Increases number of TRAP+ cells at optimal concentration | (109) | |
| Inhibits osteoclast differentiation in cultured C14+ monocytes | (113) | |
| BMP9 | Promotes osteoclast differentiation in vitro | (114) |
| Increases bone resorption by mature osteoclasts in culture | (115) | |
| Inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption on in vitro and in vivo models | (116) |