Table 1.
Demographic and laboratory data
| All HCC (n = 2237) | Non-cirrhotic HCC (n = 290) | Cirrhotic HCC (n = 1947) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at HCC diagnosis, year, mean ± SD | 63.3 ± 10.3 | 67.4 ± 12.5 | 62.7 ± 9.7 | < 0.001 |
| Male gender, n(%) | 1755 (78.5) | 206 (71.0) | 1549 (79.6) | 0.001 |
| Diagnosis year, n(%) | 0.001 | |||
| 2000–2003 | 113 (5.1) | 25 (8.6) | 88 (4.5) | |
| 2004–2007 | 430 (19.2) | 70 (23.3) | 360 (18.5) | |
| 2008–2011 | 704 (31.5) | 95 (31.0) | 614 (31.5) | |
| 2012–2015 | 990 (44.3) | 105 (36.2) | 885 (45.5) | |
| Race, n(%) | 0.152 | |||
| Caucasian | 1762 (78.8) | 228 (78.6) | 1534 (78.8) | |
| African-American | 308 (13.8) | 38 (13.1) | 270 (13.9) | |
| Asian | 72 (3.2) | 16 (5.5) | 56 (2.9) | |
| Hispanic | 41 (1.8) | 4 (1.4) | 37 (1.9) | |
| Unknown | 54 (2.4) | 4 (1.4) | 50 (2.6) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 28.5 ± 5.9 | 27.9 ± 5.8 | 28.6 ± 6.0 | 0.064 |
| Etiology, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Hepatitis C | 873 (39.0) | 55 (19.0) | 818 (42.0) | |
| Hepatitis C/alcohol | 201 (9.0) | 1 (0.3) | 200 (10.3) | |
| Hepatitis B | 129 (5.8) | 24 (8.3) | 105 (5.4) | |
| Hepatitis B/alcohol | 10 (0.5) | 0 | 10 (0.5) | |
| Hepatitis B and C | 40 (1.8) | 0 | 40 (2.1) | |
| Alcohol | 293 (13.1) | 16 (5.5) | 277 (14.2) | |
| NAFLD | 346 (15.5) | 73 (25.2) | 273 (14.0) | |
| Hemochromatosis | 40 (1.8) | 5 (1.7) | 35 (1.8) | |
| Autoimmune | 52 (2.3) | 0 | 52 (2.7) | |
| Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency | 9 (0.4) | 0 | 9 (0.5) | |
| Cryptogenic | 241 (10.8) | 116 (40.0) | 125 (6.4) | |
| Other | 3 (0.1) | 0 | 3 (0.2) | |
| Fibrosis stage, n(%)a | ||||
| F0 | 72 (34.0) | |||
| F1 | 38 (17.9) | |||
| F2 | 49 (23.1) | |||
| F3 | 53 (25.0) | |||
| Hypertension, n(%) | 1293 (57.8) | 187 (64.5) | 1106 (56.8) | 0.014 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n(%) | 814 (36.4) | 102 (35.2) | 712 (36.6) | 0.640 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n(%) | 569 (25.5) | 110 (37.9) | 459 (23.6) | < 0.001 |
| Having 3 or more metabolic risk factors, n(%) | 584 (26.2) | 91 (31.5) | 493 (25.4) | 0.027 |
| Ever smoker, n(%)a | 1614 (72.4) | 200 (69.0) | 1414 (72.9) | 0.164 |
| Significant alcohol use, n(%)a | 686 (30.9) | 60 (20.8) | 626 (32.4) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet count, k/mcL, mean ± SD | 140.1 ± 94.0 | 267.7 ± 95.4 | 121.1 ± 77.5 | < 0.001 |
| MPV, fL, mean ± SDa | 11.0 ± 2.9 | 10.3 ± 1.1 | 11.1 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
| AST, U/L, median (IQR) | 70 (45, 116) | 44 (26, 72) | 75 (48, 121.5) | < 0.001 |
| ALT, U/L, median (IQR) | 46 (29, 78) | 34 (20, 60) | 49 (30, 81) | < 0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dl, mean ± SD | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Bilirubin, g/dl, median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.7, 2.1) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.4) | < 0.001 |
| INR, mean ± SD | 1.21 ± 0.44 | 1.01 ± 0.07 | 1.24 ± 0.47 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl, median (IQR)a | 0.89 (0.71, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.166 |
| Na, mmol/L, mean ± SDa | 136.8 ± 5.2 | 138.6 ± 3.3 | 136.5 ± 5.4 | < 0.001 |
| APRI score, median (IQR) | 1.7 (0.8, 3.1) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.7) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.4) | < 0.001 |
| ALBI Grade, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Grade 1 | 590 (26.4) | 208 (71.7) | 382 (19.6) | |
| Grade 2 | 1166 (52.1) | 76 (27.2) | 1087 (55.8) | |
| Grade 3 | 481 (21.5) | 3 (1.0) | 478 (24.6) | |
| AFP, ng/dl, median (IQR)a | 28 (6.1, 430) | 17.4 (3.7, 589.3) | 29.1 (6.5, 413.2) | 0.012 |
| AFP > 10 ng/dl, n(%)a | 1412 (65.1) | 158 (56.4) | 1254 (66.4) | 0.001 |
| Follow-up time, year, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.2, 4.2) | 1.3 (0.4, 4.1) | 1.0 (0.2, 4.2) | 0.092 |
| Death at last follow up, n(%) | 1106 (49.4) | 108 (37.2) | 998 (51.3) | < 0.001 |
HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, MPV mean platelet volume, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, APRI aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, ALBI albumin to bilirubin, AFP alpha-fetoprotein
a
Data not available for all subjects, data available for non-cirrhotic HCC groups: fibrosis stage 212; smoke 290; alcohol 288; MPV 275; Cr 289; Na 289, data available for cirrhotic HCC groups: smoke 1940; alcohol 1930; MPV 1751; Cr 1932; Na 1932