Figure 1. Scaffold fabrication and characterization. (A) Macroscopic appearance of silk fibroin (SF), silk fibroin-gelatin/hyaluronic acid/heparan sulfate (SF-GHHs) with different blending ratios; SF-GHHs 2:1, SF-GHHs 1:1, and SF-GHHs 1:2 scaffolds (Diameter=12 mm, height=7 mm). Scale bar indicates 5 mm. (B) Scanning electron microscope images of SF, SF-GHHs 2:1, SF-GHHs 1:1, and SF-GHHs 1:2. Scale bar indicates 1,000 μm. Comparison of physical characteristics among scaffolds including (C) pore size, (D) porosity percentage, and (E) water uptake percentage. Statistically significant differences between groups at: *p<0.05 and **p<0.01.