Costs in 2019 US$. Costs presented for scale-up of all interventions to target coverage. Shared costs for primary and secondary prophylaxis include mass media awareness and education campaign costs and costs of provider education, training, and mentorship to strengthen correct treatment of sore throat, referral of ARF for diagnosis, and administration of secondary prophylaxis at health centres. Shared costs for secondary prophylaxis, heart failure management, and surgery include first referral-level provider training and costs of equipment and supplies. ARF=acute rheumatic fever. RHD=rheumatic heart disease.