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. 2022 Apr 28;52(7):1120–1128. doi: 10.1002/eji.202249824

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Expression levels of IFN‐I and IFN‐stimulated genes in anti‐IFN‐I NAB positive COVID‐19 patients. Panels A‐E represent expression levels of genes, encoding IFN‐α (A), IFN‐β (B), IFN‐ω (C), ISG15 (D), and ISG56 (E), measured by real time PCR, in PBMC collected from healthy donors (n = 19), anti‐IFN‐I BAB negative COVID‐19 patients (n = 24), and those who developed anti‐IFN‐I NAB (n = 11). Gene expression analysis was available for 11 out of 13 anti‐IFN‐I NAB positive patients. Panel F indicates the correlation between ISG15 mRNA expression levels and anti‐IFN‐α2 NAB titer. Statistical analysis of transcript levels of IFN genes related to β‐glucuronidase (2−Δ Ct method), was carried out using Mann–Whitney test (Panels A‐E). Correlation was assessed using Spearman's ρ coefficient (p < 0.05, Panel F). Median values of gene expression levels (Panels A–E) are reported, for each group of study, with a black horizontal line. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p <0.001.