TABLE 1.
Study characteristics
| Author | Country | Study design | Vaccine type | No. of doses administered before analysis | N | Population type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esteve‐Paula et al. 23 | Spain | Observational cohort | Pfizer | Two | 18 | Lactating, vaccinated |
| Bertrand et al. 32 | USA | Observational cohort |
Moderna (n = 52) Pfizer (n = 128) |
Moderna took both doses (n = 52) Not clear for Pfizer |
180 | Lactating, vaccinated |
| Low et al. 28 | Singapore | Observational cohort | Pfizer | Two | 25 |
Lactating, vaccinated (n = 10) Lactating, infected, unvaccinated (n = 6) Lactating, unvaccinated (n = 9) |
| Theiler et al. 37 | USA | Case‐control |
Johnson (n = 1) Modern (n = 12) Pfizer (n = 127) |
One (n = 37) Two (n = 103) |
2002 |
Pregnant, unvaccinated (n = 1862) Pregnant, vaccinated (n = 140) |
| Selma‐Royo et al. 29 | Spain | Observational cohort |
Pfizer (n = 30) Moderna (n = 21) AZ (n = 24) |
Two for Pfizer and Moderna (n = 51), one for AZ (n = 24) | 75 |
Lactating, vaccinated (n=75) Lactating, infected, unvaccinated (n=19) Lactating, pre‐pandemic (n=13) |
| Collier et al. 16 | USA | Observational cohort |
Pfizer and Moderna (pregnant: Pfizer = 11, Moderna = 19; lactating: Pfizer = 11, Moderna = 5; non‐pregnant: Pfizer = 34, Moderna = 23) |
Not reported | 131 |
Non‐pregnant, nonlactating, vaccinated (n = 57) Pregnant, vaccinated (n = 30) Lactating, vaccinated (n = 16) Non‐pregnant, unvaccinated, infected (n = 6) Pregnant, unvaccinated, infected (n = 22) |
| Beharier et al. 17 | Israel | Case‐control | Pfizer | One and two, numbers not specified | 213 |
Pregnant, vaccinated (n = 86) Pregnant, unvaccinated, infected (n = 65) Pregnant, unvaccinated, non‐infected (n = 62) |
| Gray et al. 18 | USA | Observational cohort | Pfizer and Moderna (pregnant: Pfizer = 41, Moderna = 43; lactating: Pfizer = 16, Moderna = 15; non‐pregnant: Pfizer = 8, Moderna = 8) |
One (n = 6) Two (n = 125) |
131 |
Non‐pregnant, vaccinated (n = 16) Pregnant, vaccinated (n = 84) Lactating, vaccinated (n = 31) Infected, unvaccinated (n = 37) |
| Mithal et al. 19 | USA | Observational cohort |
Pfizer (n = 18) Moderna (n = 6) Unknown (n = 4) |
One (n = 5) Two (n = 22) |
27 | Pregnant, vaccinated |
| Perl et al. 30 | Israel | Observational cohort | Pfizer | Two | 84 | Lactating, vaccinated |
| Friedman et al. 24 | Israel | Observational cohort | Pfizer | Two | 10 | Lactating, vaccinated |
| Golan et al. 25 | USA | Observational cohort |
Moderna (n = 9) Pfizer (n = 14) |
Two | 23 |
Lactating, vaccinated (n = 23) Lactating, infected (n = 3) |
| Prabhu et al. 20 | USA | Observational cohort |
Pfizer (n = 85) Moderna (n = 37) |
One (n = 55) Two (n = 67) |
122 | Pregnant, vaccinated |
| Rottenstreich et al. 21 | Israel | Observational cohort | Pfizer | Two | 20 | Pregnant, vaccinated |
| Shanes et al. 39 | USA | Case‐control | Not reported | Not reported | 200 |
Pregnant, vaccinated (n = 84) Pregnant, unvaccinated (n = 116) |
| Atyeo et al. 22 | USA | Observational cohort |
Pfizer (n = 65) Moderna (n = 66) |
Two | 131 |
Pregnant, vaccinated (n = 84) Lactating, vaccinated (n = 31) Non‐pregnant, vaccinated (n = 16) |
| Fox et al. 31 | USA | Observational cohort |
Pfizer (n = 6) Moderna (n = 4) |
Two | 10 | Lactating, vaccinated |
| Valcarce et al. 26 | USA | Observational cohort |
Pfizer (n = 14) Moderna (n = 7) |
Two | 21 | Lactating, vaccinated |
| Shimabukuro et al. 33 | USA | Observational cohort |
Pfizer (n = 19 252) Moderna (n = 16 439) |
One (n = 16 982) Two (n = 12 273) |
35 691 | Pregnant, vaccinated |
| Juncker et al. 27 | Netherlands | Observational cohort | Pfizer |
One (n = 6) Two (n = 20) |
26 | Lactating, vaccinated |
| Kadali et al. 34 | USA | Cross‐sectional |
Pfizer (n = 20) Moderna (n = 18) |
One (n = 7) Two (n = 31) |
38 | Pregnant, vaccinated |
| Low et al. 35 | Singapore | Observational cohort | Pfizer | Two | 88 | Lactating, vaccinated |
| McLaurin‐Jiang 36 | USA | Cross‐sectional |
Pfizer (n = 2702) Moderna (n = 1714) |
One (n = 2627) Two (n = 1828) |
4455 | Lactating, vaccinated |