TABLE 1.
Maternal baseline, disease‐specific, and pregnancy characteristics during the first and second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic
| Variables | First wave (n = 60) | Second wave (n = 68) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age a | 27.82 ± 5.10 | 28.25 ± 4.84 | 0.62 |
| Parity a | 2.37 ± 1.25 | 0.95 ± 1.09 | <0.00001 |
| Gestational age a | 34.23 ± 7.98 | 33.35 ± 8.09 | 0.54 |
| Trimester wise prevalence b | |||
| 1st trimester | 4 (6.7%) | 3 (4.41%) | 0.70 |
| 2nd trimester | 3 (5%) | 11 (16.18%) | 0.02 |
| 3rd trimester | 53 (88.3%) | 54 (79.41%) | 0.23 |
| COVID‐19 related symptoms b | |||
| Absent (asymptomatic) | 49 (81.7%) | 37 (54.41%) | 0.001 |
| Present (symptomatic) | 11 (18.3%) | 31 (45.59%) | |
| COVID−19 related symptoms at the time of presentation b | |||
| Cough | 7 (11.7%) | 21 (30.88%) | 0.01 |
| Fever | 5 (8.3%) | 19 (27.94%) | 0.005 |
| Pneumonia | 1 (1.7%) | 16 (23.52%) | 0.0002 |
| Fatigue | 2 (3.4%) | 15 (22.05%) | 0.001 |
| Breathlessness | 2 (3.4%) | 16 (23.52%) | 0.0009 |
| Disease severity b | |||
| Mild | 9 (15%) | 16 (23.53%) | 0.26 |
| Moderate | 0 | 0 | – |
| Severe | 2 (3.3%) | 15 (22.06%) | 0.001 |
| Obstetric outcomes b | |||
| Early pregnancy loss | 3 (5%) | 3 (4.41%) | 1 |
| Ectopic pregnancy | 1 (1.7%) | – | 0.46 |
| PIH/preeclampsia | 7 (11.7%) | 7 (10.29%) | 1 |
| Gestational diabetes | – | 4 (5.89%) | 0.12 |
| Hypo/hyperthyroidism | 13 (21.7%) | 10 (14.7%) | 0.36 |
| IHCP | 2 (3.3%) | 2 (2.94%) | 1 |
| FGR | 3 (5%) | 9 (13.23%) | 0.13 |
| IUFD | 1 (1.7%) | 9 (13.23%) | 0.01 |
| Oligohydramnios | 13 (21.7%) | 14 (20.59%) | 1 |
| Obesity | 2 (3.3%) | – | 0.21 |
| APH | 1 (1.7%) | 3 (4.41%) | 0.62 |
| Anemia | |||
| Mild | 19 (31.7%) | 35 (51.47%) | 0.03 |
| Moderate | 8 (13.3%) | 10 (14.7%) | 1 |
| Severe | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (1.47%) | 1 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 21 (35%) | 17 (25%) | 0.24 |
| Deranged LFT | 12 (20%) | 19 (27.94%) | 0.31 |
| Deranged KFT | 4 (6.7%) | 3 (4.41%) | 0.7 |
| Preterm birth | 19 (31.7%) | 31 (45.59%) | 0.14 |
| Vaginal delivery | 19 (31.7%) | 11 (16.18%) | 0.06 |
| Rate of cesarean delivery | 32 (53.3%) | 39 (57.35%) | 0.72 |
| Received LMWH b | 24 (40%) | 50 (73.53%) | 0.0002 |
| Received dexamethasone therapy b | 2 (3.34%) | 21 (30.88%) | 0 |
| Requirement of nasal oxygen therapy b | 1 (1.67%) | 3 (4.41%) | 0.62 |
| Non‐invasive ventilation b | 0 | 2 (2.94%) | 0.49 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation b | 1 (1.67%) | 12 (17.64%) | 0.002 |
| Maternal death b | 1 (1.67%) | 11 (16.18%) | 0.005 |
| Neonatal COVID−19 positivity within 24h b | 0 | 11 (16.18%) | 0.005 |
Abbreviations: APH, antepartum hemorrhage; FGR, fetal growth restriction; ICU, intensive care unit; IHCP, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; IUFD, Intrauterine fetal death; KFT, kidney function test, LFT, liver function test; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; PIH, pregnancy induced hypertension.
a
Values presented as mean ± SD.
b
Values presented as n (%).
*
Statistical significance at P < 0.05.