TABLE 3.
Fetomaternal characteristics of stillbirth events in Austria from March to December, and from March to April, respectively, during the pandemic period and the preceding years a
| Pandemic months March to December | Lockdown months March to April | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre‐COVID−19 (2015–2019) | COVID−19 (2020) | P value | Pre‐COVID−19 (2015–2019) | COVID−19 (2020) | P value | |
| Fetal | ||||||
| Stillbirth events | 866 | 171 | 158 | 44 | ||
| Gestational week | 32.9 ± 5.0 | 33.7 ± 4.8 | 0.085 b | 32.5 ± 4.8 | 33.1 ± 4.9 | 0.426 b |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 436 (50.3%) | 95 (55.6%) | 0.424 c | 84 (53.2%) | 20 (45.5%) | 0.556 c |
| Female | 429 (49.5%) | 76 (44.4%) | 73 (46.2%) | 24 (54.5%) | ||
| Unknown | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.6%) | ||||
| Weight (g) | 1984 ± 989 | 2141 ± 1016 | 0.072 b | 1924.9 ± 1006.4 | 2026.2 ± 984.8 | 0.491 b |
| Length (cm) | 43.5 ± 7.5 | 44.7 ± 7.5 | 0.057 b | 43.0 ± 7.4 | 43.6 ± 7.5 | 0.578 b |
| Maternal | ||||||
| Age (years) | 30.6 ± 5.9 | 31.0 ± 5.5 | 0.581 b | 30.8 ± 6.0 | 30.5 ± 5.0 | 0.918 b |
| Parity | ||||||
| Nullipara | 418 (48.3%) | 90 (52.6%) | 0.219 c | 70 (44.3%) | 25 (56.8%) | 0.311 c |
| Primipara | 227 (26.2%) | 34 (19.9%) | 46 (29.1%) | 11 (25.0%) | ||
| Multipara | 221 (25.5%) | 47 (27.5%) | 42 (26.6%) | 8 (18.2%) | ||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 4.7 | 25.0 ± 6.1 | 0.882 b | 24.7 ± 4.3 | 23.4 ± 5.3 | 0.036 b |
| WHO BMI Classification | ||||||
| Underweight | 36 (5.1%) | 10 (7.0%) | 0.007 c | 4 (3.1%) | 3 (8.3%) | 0.167 c |
| Normal weight | 394 (55.9%) | 83 (58.0%) | 74 (57.8%) | 26 (72.2%) | ||
| Pre‐obesity | 190 (27.0%) | 22 (15.4%) | 35 (27.3%) | 4 (11.1%) | ||
| Obesity I | 62 (8.8%) | 16 (11.2%) | 12 9.4%) | 2 (5.6%) | ||
| Obesity II | 15 (2.1%) | 7 (4.9%) | 2 (1.6%) | |||
| Obesity III | 8 (1.1%) | 5 (3.5%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (2.8%) | ||
| Nicotine | 88 (10.2%) | 8 (4.9%) | 0.032 c | 20 (12.7%) | 3 (6.8%) | 0.276 c |
| Previous fetal loss | 2 (0.2%) | 3 (1.8%) | 0.009 c | 1 (2.3%) | 0.057 c | |
| Gestational diabetes | 25 (2.9%) | 9 (5.3%) | 0.111 c | 2 (1.3%) | 2 (4.5%) | 0.167 c |
| Other pregnancy risks | 22 (2.5%) | 5 (33.3%) | <0.001 c | 4 (2.5%) | 15 (34.1%) | <0.001 c |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass Index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters); COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; WHO, World Health Organization.
a
Values are presented as number, mean ± standard deviation, or as number (percentage).
b
Unpaired t test with level of significance P < 0.05.
c
χ2 test with level of significance P < 0.05.