Fig. 1. (A) Flow diagram of participants through the study. ETRJ, enzyme treated royal jelly; RJ, royal jelly; W/O, wash out. (B) Schematic representation of the study design. The subjects ingested RJ for at least 12 h after fasting. The blood samples were obtained before and 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h after RJ intake. In group B, the urine samples were collected before RJ intake and between 0–3, 3–6, 6–12, and 12–24 h after RJ intake.