Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Girls (N = 223) | Boys (N = 212) | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birth | |||
| Gestational age (week) | 39.0 (1.1) | 39.0 (1.1) | 0.71 |
| Length (cm) | 48.8 (1.9) | 49.4 (1.8) | <0.05 |
| Weight (kg) | 3.0 (0.4) | 3.1 (0.4) | <0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 12.5 (1.1) | 12.7 (1.2) | 0.12 |
| 1.5 yrs | |||
| Height (cm) | 80.0 (2.8) | 81.7 (2.5) | <0.05 |
| Weight (kg) | 10.3 (1.0) | 11.0 (1.1) | <0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 16.0 (1.2)c | 16.4 (1.3)c | <0.05 |
| 3 yrs | |||
| Height (cm) | 95.2 (3.7) | 96.8 (3.5) | <0.05 |
| Weight (kg) | 14.2 (1.6) | 15.0 (1.8) | <0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 15.7 (1.1)d | 15.9 (1.2)d | <0.05 |
| 14 yrs | |||
| Height (cm) | 154.7 (5.1) | 162.2 (6.7) | <0.05 |
| Weight (kg) | 47.2 (7.0) | 50.8 (9.7) | <0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.7 (2.6) | 19.2 (2.9) | 0.06 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 68.5 (6.5) | 68.7 (7.9) | 0.73 |
| WtHR | 0.44 (0.04) | 0.42 (0.04) | <0.05 |
| WtHR > 0.5 (N) | 22 (10%) | 18 (9%) | 0.62 |
| BMI > overweight cutoffb, (N) | 18 (8%) | 27 (13%) | 0.11 |
| BMI < underweight cutoffb, (N) | 21 (9%) | 25 (12%) | 0.42 |
| Body fat percentage (%) | 23.1 (4.9) | 14.8 (5.1) | <0.05 |
| FM (kg) | 11.2 (3.8) | 7.8 (4.1) | <0.05 |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 4.7 (1.6) | 3.0 (1.5) | <0.05 |
N, number; BMI, body mass index; yrs, years of age; WtHR, waist-to-height ratio; FM, fat mass; FMI, fat mass index
Values represent mean (standard deviation) or N (percentage)
aP-value calculated from the unpaired t test or Mann-Whitney U test
bDetermined using age- and sex-specific BMI cutoff points
cdP-value calculated from the paired t test
cP<0.05 compared to BMI at birth
dP<0.05 compared to BMI at 1.5 years