Table 5.

Examples of commercially available vaccines to prevent different infections caused by E. coli in animals

Animals	Commercial vaccines (composition)	Authorised for use in the EU	Route of administration	Used for	Onset/Duration if immunity	Field protection	Reference
Poultry	Poulvac E. coli (live; E. coli aroA gene deleted, type O78, strain EC34195)	Yes	Spray, oral	Chickens and turkeys for active immunisation against colibacillosis caused by E. coli serotype O78	Onset: 2 weeks after vaccination in chickens, 3 weeks after second vaccination in turkeys Duration: 8 weeks for the reduction of lesions and 12 weeks for the reduction of mortality in chickens by spray vaccination, 12 weeks for the reduction of lesions and mortality in chickens by oral administration, not established in turkeys	Significant reduction in colibacillosis lesions and deaths in vaccinated animals Positive effect on average daily weight gain, number of antibiotic treatment days and percentage of animals marketed compared to controls	EMA (2022)
	Gall N tect CBL (live attenuated; APEC, Δcrp, type O78, strain AESN1331)	No	Spray	Chickens for active immunisation against colibacillosis caused by E. coli serotype O78	Not indicated	Prevents avian colibacillosis infection Improves productivity	Uotani et al. (2017)
Swine	Coliprotec F4/F18 (live; E. coli O8:K87 and O141:K94)	Yes	Oral	Pigs from 18 days of age against PWD caused by E. coli	Onset: 7 days after vaccination Duration: 21 days after vaccination	Significantly reduced colonisation of pig intestines after challenge with a virulent F4+ ETEC strain Significantly reduced the duration and severity of diarrhoea and accumulation of fluids in the intestines after infection	EMA (2021a)
	Enteroporc Coli (recombinant, inactivated; contains parts of the E. coli bacterium called fimbrial adhesins F4ab, F4ac, F5 and F6)	Yes	Injection	Sows (female pigs that have already given birth to piglets) or gilts (female pigs that have not yet given birth to piglets) to protect their offspring from intestinal disease caused by E. coli	Onset (after uptake of colostrum): within 12 h after birth Duration (after uptake of colostrum): first days of life	Reduce death and/or the clinical signs of E. coli infection such as neonatal piglet diarrhoea	EMA (2021b)
	Porcilis ColiClos (recombinant, inactivated; contains parts of the E. coli bacterium called fimbrial adhesins F4ab, F4ac, F5 and F6 and LT toxoid, and toxoid of the Clostridium perfringens type C)	Yes	Injection	Sows (female pigs that have already given birth to piglets) or gilts (female pigs that have not yet given birth to piglets) to protect their offspring from intestinal disease caused by E. coli strains that express the components F4ab, F4ac, F5 or F6, and by Clostridium perfringens type C	For the passive immunisation of progeny by active immunisation of sows and gilts	Reduce death and the clinical signs of neonatal piglet diarrhoea and necrotic enterotoxaemia May reduce the use of antimicrobials in pig production units	EMA (2020)
	Neocolipor (inactivated; E. coli expressing the adhesins F4ab, F4ac, F4ad, F5, F6, F41)	Yes	Injection	Female pigs (sows and gilts)	For the passive immunisation of progeny by active immunisation of sows and gilts	Induces the specific seroconversion of vaccinated animals, piglets are passively immunised against neonatal enterotoxicosis by intake of colostrum and milk containing adhesin‐specific antibodies	EMA (2021c)
Cattle	Locatim (inactivated; bovine concentrated lactoserum containing Anti‐E. coli F5‐specific IgGs)	Yes	Oral	Newborn calves	Not indicated	Reduce mortality in newborn calves caused by enterotoxicosis due to the bacterium E. coli during the first days of life Less severe clinical signs of diarrhoea and better survival time in calves that received the vaccine than those that did not receive it	EMA (2021d)
	Enviracor™ J‐5 (inactivated; E. coli J‐5 strain)	No	Injection	Healthy dairy cattle	Not indicated	Reduced duration of E. coli mastitis (64 h shorter) Higher antibody titres in milk and serum	Drugs.com (2021a)
	Startvac (inactivated; E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus)	Yes	Injection	Healthy cows in a herd, during and after pregnancy	Onset: ≈ 13 days after the first injection Duration: ≈ 130 days post‐parturition	Reduced the number of cows with mastitis due to Staphylococcus aureus and related bacteria Reduced the severity of the symptoms in the cows that had mastitis Increased number of cows being cured of the infection Reduction in the number of cows that needed treatment for mastitis Increase in the quantity and quality of milk production	EMA (2018)
	ScourGuard 4KC (inactivated; bovine rotavirus serotypes G6 and G10, bovine coronavirus, enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli having the K99 pili adherence factor, Clostridium perfringens type C)	No	Oral	Healthy, pregnant cows and heifers as an aid in preventing diarrhoea in their calves	Not indicated	Prevention of diarrhoea in calves Significant reduction in mortality	Drugs.com (2021b)
	Bovilis Rotavec Corona (inactivated; Bovine rotavirus inactivated, strain UK‐Compton, serotype G6 P5, Bovine coronavirus inactivated, strain Mebus, E. coli F5 (K99) adhesin)	No	Injection	Healthy cows, during pregnancy	Onset: from the start of colostrum feeding Duration: in calves artificially fed with pooled colostrum, protection will continue until colostrum feeding ceases; in naturally suckled calves, protection against rotavirus will persist for at least 7 days and against coronavirus for at least 14 days	Reduce the severity of diarrhoea caused by E. coli F5 (K99) Reduce the incidence of scours caused by rotavirus Reduce the shedding of virus by calves infected with rotavirus or coronavirus	–