Table 2.
Serum soluble factors and cytokines in patients with severe COVID-19 when categorized by pulmonary fibrosis index.
| Cytokines median, pg/ml (IQR) | FIlo(pg/ml, n = 5) | FIhi(pg/ml, n = 6) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| sCD40L (pg/ml) | 3,402.00 (2,325.00–7,549.00) | 922.75 (359.63–2,169.00) | 0.09 |
| EGF (pg/ml) | 164.82 (69.24–174.67) | 27.02 (5.19–73.45) | 0.017 |
| Eotaxin (pg/ml) | 102.87 (70.00–245.08) | 182.33 (61.79–265.31) | 0.79 |
| FGF-2 (pg/ml) | 273.92 (222.58–416.48) | 168.85 (123.22– 188.45) | 0.004 |
| FLT-3L (pg/ml) | 17.75 (14.2–28.24) | 9.84 (8.35 –17.29) | 0.08 |
| Fractalkine (pg/ml) | 205.75 (46.82–268.60) | 47.29 (17.40–192.96) | 0.25 |
| G-CSF (pg/ml) | 31.61 (11.73–37.27) | 90.04 (31.68–108.94) | 0.08 |
| GM-CSF (pg/ml) | 14.31 (2.52–53.33) | 13.73 (3.31–91.75) | 1.00 |
| GRO-alpha (pg/ml) | 21.13 (9.75–25.93) | 6.66 (1.54–25.19) | 0.25 |
| IFN-alpha2 (pg/ml) | 67.61 (43.46–130.94) | 63.40 (45.01–108.10) | 1.00 |
| IFN-gamma (pg/ml) | 12.94 (4.11–28.68) | 3.26 (0.80–13.93) | 0.18 |
| IL-1 alpha (pg/ml) | 25.48 (6.01–50.77) | 15.23 (6.09–35.68) | 0.43 |
| IL-1 beta (pg/ml) | 12.58 (8.29– 20.93) | 7.04 (2.37–12.01) | 0.13 |
| IL-1RA (pg/ml) | 28.75 (12.97–38.34) | 191.62 (20.41– 710.77) | 0.18 |
| IL-2 (pg/ml) | 1.24 (0.61–2.92) | 0.29 (0.18–0.45) | 0.009 |
| IL-3 (pg/ml) | 4.76 (3.78–12.22) | 1.95 (1.15–3.94) | 0.030 |
| IL-4 (pg/ml) | 2.00 (1.31–4.94) | 0.60 (0.37–0.98) | 0.017 |
| IL-5 (pg/ml) | 10.91 (5.31–19.62) | 7.77 (3.31–10.50) | 0.18 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 10.58(2.39-16.72) | 36.04(3.03-45.15) | 0.25 |
| IL-7 (pg/ml) | 5.89 (4.35–8.77) | 1.69 (0.63–2.68) | 0.004 |
| IL-8 (pg/ml) | 4.95(4.09-7.02) | 1.80(0.88-7.92) | 0.33 |
| IL-9 (pg/ml) | 23.04 (15.22–31.07) | 19.51 (13.81–22.19) | 0.25 |
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 20.08 (10.48–25.89) | 36.37 (12.04–43.88) | 0.25 |
| IL-12 (p40) (pg/ml) | 94.36 (61.97–177.39) | 76.20 (53.36–132.35) | 0.79 |
| IL-12 (p70) (pg/ml) | 15.80 (8.63–31.42) | 3.56 (1.95–9.39) | 0.052 |
| IL-13 (pg/ml) | 25.17 (14.48–45.14) | 9.48 (5.33–19.62) | 0.052 |
| IL-15 (pg/ml) | 14.81 (9.97–33.52) | 15.56 (3.21–27.82) | 0.66 |
| IL-17A (pg/ml) | 8.23 (4.00–14.95) | 4.19 (2.00–10.72) | 0.66 |
| IL-17E/IL-25 (pg/ml) | 547.44 (363.22–1,541.50) | 449.48 (227.01–514.68) | 0.25 |
| IL-17F (pg/ml) | 24.34 (13.82–97.10) | 16.61 (12.96–20.16) | 0.25 |
| IL-18 (pg/ml) | 40.57 (23.15–82.14) | 47.28 (9.76–101.11) | 1.00 |
| IL-22 (pg/ml) | 29.02 (12.21–72.66) | 12.67 (5.76–26.29) | 0.33 |
| IL-27 (pg/ml) | 3,185.00 (1,972.00–5,375.50) | 4,731.50 (2,041.86–9,794.50) | 0.66 |
| IP-10 (pg/ml) | 516.01 (286.87–5,415.50) | 1,430.89 (461.52–6,396.00) | 0.66 |
| MCP-1 (pg/ml) | 312.60 (200.83–420.02) | 445.17 (243.71–1,207.82) | 0.33 |
| MCP-3 (pg/ml) | 79.87 (35.49–96.79) | 48.34 (30.83–85.04) | 0.66 |
| M-CSF (pg/ml) | 166.29 (105.13–351.51) | 149.12 (103.09–305.66) | 0.66 |
| MDC (pg/ml) | 264.15 (205.57–757.69) | 292.32 (231.34–676.05) | 0.79 |
| MIG (pg/ml) | 3,397.00 (2,141.00–6,438.00) | 3,080.69 (201.68–10,622.25) | 0.79 |
| MIP-1alpha (pg/ml) | 42.66 (37.02 – 77.46) | 30.02 (26.85 – 44.09) | 0.052 |
| MIP-1beta (pg/ml) | 42.86 (33.01 – 84.64) | 142.37 (59.07 – 214.37) | 0.082 |
| PDGF-AA (pg/ml) | 4,375.00 (1,711.00–7,771.00) | 881.88 (602.08–2,175.25) | 0.052 |
| PDGF-AB/BB (pg/ml) | 23,924.00 (19,967.50–32,025.00) | 18,641.50 (10,617.50–25,822.00) | 0.18 |
| RANTES (pg/ml) | 3,804.00 (3,579.00–4,517.00) | 4,210.00 (4,039.25–6,304.25) | 0.18 |
| TGF-alpha (pg/ml) | 10.32 (6.63–14.27) | 4.64 (4.06–9.14) | 0.13 |
| TNF-alpha (pg/ml) | 64.45(55.93-114.86) | 109.23(39.07-142.36) | 0.79 |
| TNF-beta (pg/ml) | 10.40 (3.76–21.08) | 13.72 (1.89–145.71) | 0.93 |
| VEGF-A (pg/ml) | 255.19 (195.51–319.61) | 366.98 (189.49–1,392.16) | 0.79 |
FI, pulmonary fibrosis index. FIlo and FIhi were categorized by FI ≤ 0.057 or FI > 0.057, respectively.