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. 2022 May 10;14:49. doi: 10.1186/s13073-022-01051-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Functionally diverse non-immune cells comprise a significant proportion of human dura. A UMAP visualization of non-immune cells identified by cell type. B UMAP visualization of select endothelial, mural, and fibroblast markers. C Dot plot of representative gene expression of select cell type gene markers. D UMAP visualization of fibroblast endothelial cells. E Expression heatmap of top 15 genes of top 15 principal components of dura fibroblast cells with hierarchical clustering and associated functional enrichment analysis of gene clusters. F Dot plot of select meningeal fibroblast markers from Desisto et al. [39]. G UMAP visualization of dura endothelial cells. H Expression heatmap of top 15 genes of top 15 principal components of dura endothelial cells with hierarchical clustering and associated functional enrichment analysis of gene clusters. I UMAP visualization of fenestrated endothelium and blood-brain barrier scores