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. 2022 May 10;14:49. doi: 10.1186/s13073-022-01051-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Imaging mass cytometry of a human dura sample reveals intricate spatial relationships among immune, endothelial, and mesenchymal cell types. A, B Imaging mass cytometry of human dura sample DURA02 labeled with markers specified and specific regions of interest (ROIs) highlighted by dashed white boxes. C, D Relative position of each image is denoted by marked number in the top left or right corner. Markers are specified and color coded. White arrows label cells of interest. E, F Imaging mass cytometry of human dura sample DURA05 with markers specified and the specific region of interest (ROI) highlighted by a dashed white box. G, H Relative position of each image is denoted by marked number at the top right corner. Markers are specified and color coded. Green arrows represent CD8+ T cells and orange arrows represent CD4+ T cells. I Hierarchical plot showing the inferred network for MHC-I signaling for immune cells from Fig. 2A. The left and right portions of the plot show autocrine and paracrine signaling to T cells and remaining immune cells, respectively. Solid circles represent the source of MHC class I ligands and open circles represent the target of said MHC class I ligands. Circle sizes are proportional to the number of cells and width of connecting lines indicate the communication probability of said interaction