Table 2.

Establishment of humanized immune system mouse models

Humanized establishment method	Mouse strain	Rout of administration	Advantage	Limitation
PBMC engraftment	NOD-SCID mice	Intravenous injection of PBMC (5–10 × 106), the engraftment consists of T cells	Cost effective, simple establishment pattern suitable model for T-cell-related immune research	Lack of necessary cytokines in order to B and NK cell in vivo proliferation, GVHD development makes a short period for experiment
Human HSC engraftment (CD34+) from BM, UCB, FL, MBP	NOD-SCID, NSG	Intravenous injection of 1 × 105 HSCs, when the count of human CD45+ > 25% in peripheral blood the model is established	More complete immune reconstitution, GVHD rarely occurs	Long period of model establishment, maturation of human T cells in murine thymus makes human T cell restricted to mouse H2
Human BLT (bone marrow, liver, thymus) model	NOD-SCID, NSG	Intravenous injection of CD34+ HSC (0.5–1 × 106) from human bone marrow, implantation of human fetal liver and thymus in to mouse sub renal capsule when the count of humanCD45+ > 25% in peripheral blood the model is established	Maturation of T cells in autologous human thymus, human T cell restricted to human HLA, highest immune reconstitution; B, T, macrophages and dendritic cells. long term maintenance of model	GVHD development due to mouse DCs, positive and negative selection processes of human T cells; although lighter GVHD than PBMC humanized model. Engraftments should carry from same donor, complex technique and ethical problems