Table 5.
Five common PDX models properties
| Origin | Tumor take rate | Tumor latency | FDA approved protein biomarkers | Application of biomarkers | ECM (Matrigel) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSCLC | 24%; 25/102 | ≥ 5 months | EGFR1, MMP7, CA6, KIT, CRP, C9, and SERPINA3 (not FDA approved) | Diagnosis | – | [28, 142–144] |
| Gastric cancer | 15%; 35/232 | 3 months | Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR)/c-Kit | Diagnosis, treatment selection | Yes | [145] |
| Colorectal cancer | 63%; 54/85 | 2 months | Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), fibrin, fibrinogen degradation product DR-70 |
Disease monitoring, treatment response, progression Disease monitoring, diagnostics |
Yes | [73, 76] |
| Breast cancer | 15%; 20/130 | 4–5 months |
CA 27, 29-CA 15-3 Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER/Neu) |
Monitoring disease, treatment response Prognosis, treatment selection |
– | [146, 147] |
| Prostate cancer | 10–20%; 21/261 | 4–12 months | Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and p63 |
Disease monitoring, diagnostics Differential diagnosis |
– | [87, 146] |