Table 8.

The results of the robust optimization model versus penalty cost of constraints

Penalty ($\lambda$)	Average cost (C2) (without penalty of constraints violation)	Robust objective function (C3)	Penalty cost (C3-C2)	Average number of elective patients operated in the planning horizon
0.5	53,500	78,098	24,598	25
1	72,375	95,644	23,269	23.5
1.5	80,070	102,435	22,365	21.1
2	85,650	107,320	21,670	20.1