Table 1:

Correlation between MIC-1 circulatory levels and clinical outcome in various clinical conditions.

Cancer type	Patient cohort/Study	MIC-1 levels	Plasma/serum	Outcomes	Ref.
Prostate cancer	1,442 patients	1,466 pg/mL	Serum	Pretreatment serum MIC-1 levels had a stronger association with the disease outcome. Decreased post-treatment MIC-1 serum levels (associated with reduced prostate cancer mortality	[9]
	38 advanced prostate cancer patients with and without cachexia	12,416 ± 10,235 pg/ml versus 3,265 ± 6,370 pg/ml in non-cachexic patients.	Serum	Higher serum levels of MIC-1 correlate with weight loss in patients with advanced prostate cancer	[45]
Colorectal cancer	618 patients from 2 independent cohorts	1,060 pg/mL	Plasma	High levels of MIC-1 are associated with higher mortality from colorectal cancer-specific events.	[55]
	97 patients with metastatic	7,000 pg/mL	Serum	Higher levels of MIC-1 in colorectal cancer compared to healthy controls and serum correlate with significantly worse outcomes.	[56]
	473 patients	1058.6±703.2 pg/mL to (1848.6±950.9 pg/mL (tumor recurrence).	Serum	MIC-1 increases in 100% of metastatic liver samples and independently predicts overall survival.	[13]
	525 patients from 2 independent cohorts	1,150 pg/mL Vs.	Serum	An abnormal serum MIC-1 level was associated with a 2.8-fold probability of distant metastasis	[46]
Endometrial Cancer	466 patients	1,077 ng/L	Plasma	High levels of MIC-1 are associated with poor survival and a predictor of lymph node metastasis.	[57]
	235 patients	1857 ng/L	Plasma	Higher levels of MIC-1 are associated with aggressive disease and lymph node metastasis	[58]
Esophageal cancer	286 patients	990.5 pg/mL	Serum	Serum MIC-1 decreased after surgical removal and increased at relapse. MIC-1 above the threshold correlates with shorter relapse-free survival and tumor-specific survival. Patients with higher MIC-1 are associated with poor relapse-free and tumor-specific survival.	[42]
Esophageal adenocarcinoma	138 patients	1,140 pg/mL	Plasma	Plasma MIC-1 above threshold correlates with shorter OS in esophageal adenocarcinoma.	[65]
Gastric cancer	217 patients	1,372 pg/mL	Serum	Patients with high MIC-1 levels had shorter OS.	[59]
Glioblastoma	61 patients	229 pg/ml	CSF	Patients with glioblastoma with increased CSF MIC-1 had a shorter survival	[60]
Head and neck cancer	64 patients	875 pg/ml	Serum	Higher serum levels of MIC-1 are associated with a lower median survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.	[14]
	60 patients	346.9 ng/l	serum	Patients with <346.9 ng/l MIC-1 serum levels had a non-significant but improved 3-year disease-free survival rate.	[61]
Melanoma	761 patients with stage III/IV melanoma	1,500 pg/mL	Serum	Elevated MIC-1 correlates with shorter OS Serum MIC-1 levels of ≥ 1,500 pg/ml were strongly associated with a reduction in OS.	[62]
	56 patients with non-resectable or metastatic melanoma.	∼500 pg/mL	Serum	Serum MIC-1 levels were persistently higher in non survivors under ipilimumab treatment	[15]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	223 patients	2.463 ng/mL	Serum	Higher serum levels were observed in patients with larger tumors.	[63]
Multiple myeloma	131 patients	0.90 ± 1.10 ng/mL	Plasma	Higher plasma levels of MIC-1 had a lower probability of event-free and overall survival after diagnosis.	[52]
	138 patients	1.08 ng/mL	Serum	Low serum MIC-1 levels were associated with better OS	[64]
Non-small cell lung cancer	152 stage I and II patients	1,465 pg/mL	Serum	Higher serum levels of MIC-1 correlate with reduced OS.	[54]
Ovarian cancer	145 patients	748 pg/mL	Serum	High expression of MIC-1 is associated with poor PFS and OS.	[12]
	122 patients	960 pg/mL	Serum	Higher MIC-1 is related to first-line chemo-resistance, and higher levels are associated with shorter PFS.	[51]
	312 ovarian cancer patients	1,242 pg/mL	Plasma	Higher plasma MIC-1 levels correlate with shorter OS	[66]
Renal cell cancer	94 patients	1,200 pg/mL	Serum	Higher serum levels of MIC-1 were associated with metastases and tumor cancer.	[67]
Uveal melanoma	188 patients	1.47 ng/mL	Serum	Higher serum levels of MIC-1 were associated with clinical metastases and tumor relapse.	[53]

Footnotes: In some instances, values were represented as mean ± s.d.

Abbreviations: CSF - cerebrospinal Fluid ELISA - enzyme-linked immunoassay; MIC-1 - Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1; OS – overall survival; PFS - Progression-free survival.