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. 2022 May 10;10(9):e15302. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15302

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Hypoxic intervention ameliorated glucose metabolism in diet‐induced insulin resistant dams. Mice were fed either normal chow (NC) or an obesogenic diet (OD) to induce insulin resistance. During gestation they were housed either in normoxic (N, O2 = 21%) or hypoxic (H, O2 = 15%) conditions. Pregnant dams fasted for 4 h before measurement of the parameters. A‐D were measured at E17.5. (a) Fasting blood (fb) glucose levels (N NC n = 12, H NC n = 6, N OD n = 6, H OD n = 6). (b) Fasting serum (fs) insulin levels (N NC n = 12, H NC n = 6, N OD n = 4, H OD n = 5). (c) HOMA‐IR score (N NC n = 12, H NC n = 6, N OD n = 4, H OD n = 5). (d) Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and area under the curve (AUC) (N NC n = 10, H NC n = 6, N OD n = 6, H OD n = 6). (e) fs‐glucagon levels (N NC n = 14, H NC n = 5, N OD n = 9, H OD n = 6). (f) Changes in fb‐glucose, fs‐insulin, and HOMA‐IR scores between the baseline measurement (pre‐gestation, 3.5 weeks on the diet) and end‐gestation. All data are means ± SD. Two‐way ANOVA *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.