Table 2.
Characteristics of Tuberculosis Cases With Positive and Negative Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Results, US National Tuberculosis Surveillance System, 2011–2017 (N=36127)
| Characteristic | Positive NAA Test Result, No. | Positive NAA Test Result, % | Negative NAA Test Result, No. | Negative NAA Test Result, % | Unadjusted OR, Positive vs Negative | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specimen type | ||||||
| Nonsputuma | 7023 | 25.8% | 1781 | 22.7% | … | … |
| Sputum | 20200 | 74.2% | 6069 | 77.3% | 0.84 | .80–.90 |
| AFB smear | ||||||
| Negativea | 5358 | 19.5% | 6051 | 76.1% | … | … |
| Positive | 22109 | 80.5% | 1896 | 23.9% | 13.17 | 12.41–13.98 |
| Culture | ||||||
| Negativea | 920 | 3.3% | 3904 | 44.3% | … | … |
| Positive | 26775 | 96.7% | 4904 | 55.7% | 27.75 | 25.65–30.03 |
| CXR | ||||||
| Normala | 2381 | 8.5% | 1593 | 20.0% | … | … |
| Abnormal | 25531 | 91.5% | 6340 | 80.0% | 2.59 | 2.41–2.77 |
| HIV status | ||||||
| Negativea | 23526 | 93.4% | 7005 | 93.8% | … | … |
| Positive | 1655 | 6.6% | 466 | 6.2% | 1.06 | .95–1.18 |
| Nativity | ||||||
| US-borna | 9231 | 33.1% | 2444 | 29.8% | … | … |
| Non-US-born | 18660 | 66.9% | 5765 | 70.2% | 0.86 | .81–.90 |
| Age, y | ||||||
| 0–14a | 392 | 1.4% | 469 | 5.7% | … | … |
| 15–24 | 2915 | 10.4% | 1004 | 12.2% | 3.47 | 2.98–4.04 |
| 25–44 | 8679 | 31.1% | 2705 | 32.9% | 3.84 | 3.33–4.42 |
| 45–64 | 9150 | 32.8% | 2518 | 30.7% | 4.35 | 3.78–5.01 |
| ≥65 | 6772 | 24.3% | 1518 | 18.5% | 5.34 | 4.62–6.17 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Femalea | 9926 | 35.6% | 3426 | 41.7% | … | … |
| Male | 17984 | 64.4% | 4789 | 58.3% | 1.30 | 1.23–1.36 |
| Homelessness | ||||||
| Noa | 25972 | 93.7% | 7730 | 94.7% | … | … |
| Yes | 1756 | 6.3% | 432 | 5.3% | 1.21 | 1.09–1.35 |
| Injection drug use | ||||||
| Noa | 27142 | 98.4% | 8004 | 98.5% | … | … |
| Yes | 433 | 1.6% | 121 | 1.5% | 1.06 | .86–1.29 |
| Noninjection drug use | ||||||
| Noa | 25239 | 91.5% | 7661 | 94.3% | … | … |
| Yes | 2335 | 8.5% | 462 | 5.7% | 1.53 | 1.38–1.70 |
| Excess alcohol use | ||||||
| Noa | 23920 | 86.9% | 7476 | 91.9% | … | … |
| Yes | 3619 | 13.1% | 656 | 8.1% | 1.72 | 1.58–1.88 |
| Previous episode of TB | ||||||
| Noa | 26327 | 94.8% | 7762 | 94.8% | … | … |
| Yes | 1436 | 5.2% | 427 | 5.2% | 0.99 | .89–1.11 |
| Recent contact to infectious TB case | ||||||
| Unknowna | 25988 | 93.1% | 7394 | 90.0% | … | … |
| Yes | 1924 | 6.9% | 821 | 10.0% | 0.67 | .61–.73 |
Denominators for each percentage exclude missing data points for that variable.
Abbreviations: AFB, acid-fast bacilli; CI, confidence interval; CXR, chest radiograph; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NAA, nucleic acid amplification; OR, odds ratio; TB, tuberculosis; US, United States.
Reference group used for OR calculations.