TABLE 1.
Characteristics of COVID‐19 patients and control subjects
| Characteristics 1 | Control (n = 10) | Asymptomatic/mild (n = 10) | Severe/critical (n = 24) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 53 (32–60) | 43 (24–52) | 58 (48–66) |
| Sex, male | 4 (40%) | 4 (40%) | 12 (50%) |
| Respiratory support | |||
| Oxygen supplementation | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (20.8%) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 19 (79.2%) |
| SAPS 3 | – | – | 60 (55–71) |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | – | – | 154 (99–373) |
| Vasopressor | – | – | 10 (41.6%) |
| Time from symptom onset to blood sample, days | – | 6 (−1 to 8) 2 | 14 (8–17) |
| 28‐day mortality | – | – | 13 (54.2%) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Obesity | 1 (10%) | 1 (10%) | 5 (20.8%) |
| Hypertension | 1 (10%) | 2 (20%) | 6 (25%) |
| Diabetes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (37.5%) |
| Cancer | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (12.5%) |
| Heart disease 3 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (8.3%) |
| Presenting symptoms | |||
| Cough | 0 (0%) | 3 (30%) | 17 (70.8%) |
| Fever | 0 (0%) | 5 (50%) | 18 (75%) |
| Dyspnea | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 20 (83.3%) |
| Headache | 0 (0%) | 4 (40%) | 3 (12.5%) |
| Anosmia | 0 (0%) | 4 (40%) | 8 (33.3%) |
| Laboratory findings on admission | |||
| Leukocytes, ×1000/μl | – | – | 138 (102–180) |
| Lymphocyte, cells/μl | – | – | 1,167 (645–1590) |
| Monocytes, cells/μl | – | – | 679 (509–847) |
| Platelet count, ×1000/μl | – | – | 169 (137–218) |
| C reactive protein, mg/l 4 | 0.1 (0.1–0.18) | 0.2 (0.1–0.13) | 178 (74–308)* |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dl 4 | 281 (232–302) | 248 (182–341) | 528 (366–714)* |
| D‐dimer, IU/ml 4 | 292 (225–476) | 191 (187–313) | 4836 (2364–10,816)* |
1
Numerical variables are represented as the median and the interquartile range, and qualitative variables are represented as the number and the percentage.
2
Day of sample collection after the onset of symptoms was not computed for asymptomatic subjects.
3
Coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure.
4
Reference values of C reactive protein (0.00–1.00), fibrinogen (238–498 mg/dl) and d‐dimer (0–500 ng/ml).
*p < 0.05 compared with control. The qualitative variables were compared using the 2‐tailed Fisher exact test, and the numerical variables using the t‐test for parametric and the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric distributions.