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. 2022 Apr 5;94(7):2986–3005. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27717

Table 4.

SARS‐CoV‐2 mutations of different variants of concern

Virus structure protein SARS‐CoV‐2 genome site Role Mutation Variants of concern
Alpha variant Beta variant Gamma variant Epsilon variant Delta variant Omicron variant
Spike protein ORF1ab Binding protein regulation PLpro: T183I Yes No No No No No
PLpro: A890D
PLpro: I14127
Nsp6:
S106K
RdRp:
P323L
nsp2: No Yes No No No No
T85I
PLpro:
K837N
3CL:
K90R
nsp6:
S106K
RdRP:
P323L
Lpro: K38R No No No No No Yes
PLpro: S1265I
PLpro: Δ1266
PLpro: A1892T
nsp4: T492I
3CL: P132H
nsp6:L105F
nsp6: Δ106‐108
nsp6: I189V
RdRP: P323L
nsp14: I42V
PLpro:S370L No No Yes No No No
PLpro:K977Q
nsp6:S106K
nsp6:Δ107‐109
RdRP:P323L
nsp13:E341D
nsp4:V167L No No No No Yes No
RdRP:P323L
RdRP:G671S
nsp13:P77L
RBD Increase the binding affinity of the virus K417N No Yes Yes No No No
G339D No No No No No Yes
S371L
S373P
S375F
K417N
RBM Increase transmissibility and replication N501Y Yes Yes Yes No No No
E484K No Yes Yes No No No
L452R No No No No Yes No
T478K
N440K No No No No No Yes
G446S
S477N
T478K
E484A
Q493R
G496S
Q498R
N501Y
SD1 A570D Yes No No No No No
Y505H No No No No No Yes
SD2 D614G Yes Yes No No No No
H655Y No No Yes No No No
D614G No No No No Yes No
T547K No No No No No Yes
D614G
H655Y
S1/S2 P681H Yes No No No No No
T7161
A701V No Yes No No No No
P681R No No No No Yes No
D950N
N679K No No No No No Yes
P681H
N764K
D796Y
N856K
Q954H
N969K
L981F7t5
N ORF8: Q27* Yes No No No No No
ORF8: R521
ORF8: Y73C
N: D3L
N: R203K
N: G204R
N: 5235F
ORF3a: Q57H No Yes No No No No
ORF3a: S171L
E: P71L
N: T205I
ORF3a: S26L No No No No Yes No
M:I82T
ORF7a:V82A
ORF7a:T120I
ORF8:D119I
ORF8:Δ120‐121
N:D63G
N:R203M
N:D377Y
E: T9I No No No No No Yes
M: D3G
M: Q19E
M: A63T
N: P13L
N:Δ31‐33
N: R203K
N: G204R
Outside of spike protein Enhanced transmissibility Nsp6: Δ107‐109 Yes No No No No No
NTD Evasion of antibody neutralization Δ69‐70 Yes No No No No No
Δ144‐145
A67V No No No No No Yes
Δ69‐70
T95I
G142D
Δ143‐145
N211I
Δ212
215EPEins
L18F No Yes No No No No
T20N
P26S
D138Y
R190S
ORF3a: S253P No No Yes No No No
ORF8:E92K
N:P80R
N:R203K
N:G204R
T19R No No No No Yes No
G142D
E156G
Δ157‐158

Abbreviation: SARS‐CoV‐2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.