TABLE 4.

Estimated differences (and 95% CIs) in average BMI z score by sex, race and ethnicity, birth weight, and maternal education (subsample) within each US Census Region

	Northeast	South	Midwest	West
Number of children	3,407	5,912	2,562	2,432
Number of observations	27,872	25,385	8,714	21,493
Female	reference	reference	reference	reference
Male	−0.03 (−0.09 to 0.03)	−0.04 (−0.09 to 0.01)	−0.12 (−0.19 to −0.05)	−0.12 (−0.20 to −0.04)
Race and ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	reference	reference	reference	reference
Non-Hispanic Black	0.16 (0.05 to 0.27)	0.19 (0.14 to 0.25)	0.49 (0.25 to 0.72)	−0.032 (−0.16 to 0.091)
Hispanic Black	0.32 (0.07 to 0.57)	0.40 (−0.04 to 0.84)	−0.54 (−0.61 to −0.47)	0.15 (−0.15 to 0.44)
Hispanic White	0.07 (−0.06 to 0.20)	0.16 (0.04 to 0.28)	−0.03 (−0.22 to 0.17)	0.16 (0.06 to 0.26)
Other	0.16 (0.08 to 0.24)	0.03 (−0.03 to 0.09)	0.28 (0.18 to 0.38)	0.01 (−0.09 to 0.11)
Birth weight (g)/100	0.07 (0.06 to 0.08)	0.08 (0.08 to 0.09)	0.08 (0.08 to 0.09)	0.08 (0.07 to 0.09)
Maternal education
College degree and above	reference	reference	reference	reference
Some college	0.12 (0.033 to 0.2)	0.071 (−0.014 to 0.16)	0.032 (−0.041 to 0.1)	0.12 (0.018 to 0.21)
High school	0.06 (−0.41 to 0.53)	0.12 (0.039 to 0.2)	0.069 (−0.041 to 0.18)	0.28 (0.17 to 0.38)
Less than high school	0.26 (0.089 to 0.43)	0.16 (0.056 to 0.26)	0.4 (0.18 to 0.62)	0.56 (0.42 to 0.7)

All four models are adjusted for the variables in the table and age, age-squared, and age-cubed. Bolded numbers indicate a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).