Enzymatic ROP of l-lactide and ε-caprolactone under different reaction conditionsa.
Trial | Substrate | Solvent (water content) | T (°C) | Reaction time (days) | Conversion (%) | Yield (%) | M w b (Da) | PDI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | l-Lactide | No solvent | 130 | 7 | 85.3 | 36 | 12 400 | 1.14 |
2 | l-Lactide | Dimethylacetamide (0.01 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 95.2 | 46 | 11 500 | 1.54 |
3 | l-Lactide | [BMIM][PF6] (0.01 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 92.4 | 24 | 11 900 | 2.15 |
4 | l-Lactide | [BMIM][Tf2N] (0.01 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 94.5 | 6 | 13 000 | 1.48 |
5 | l-Lactide | [CH3OCH2CH2-PEt3][Tf2N] (0.01 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 84.9 | 12 | 21 100 | 1.89 |
6 | l-Lactide | [CH3OCH2CH2-PBu3][Tf2N] (0.01 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 86.3 | 34 | 17 600 | 2.13 |
7 | l-Lactide | [CH3OCH2CH2-PBu3][Tf2N] (1.7 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 96.5 | 28 | 12 600 | 2.38 |
8 | l-Lactide | [CH3OCH2CH2-PBu3][Tf2N] (0.01 wt%, 0.5 mL) | 130 | 7 | 75.5 | 10 | 12 200 | 1.84 |
9 | l-Lactide | [CH3OCH2CH2-PBu3][Tf2N] (0.01 wt%, 1.0 mL) | 130 | 7 | 79.2 | 6 | 6800 | 1.84 |
10 | l-Lactide | [CH3OCH2CH2-PBu3][beti] (0.02 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 69.2 | 32 | 14 500 | 2.19 |
11 | l-Lactide | [CH3(OCH2CH2)2-PBu3][Tf2N] (0.02 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 74.5 | 12 | 15 400 | 1.38 |
12 | l-Lactide | [CH3(OCH2CH2)3-PBu3][Tf2N] (0.02 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 87.2 | 14 | 13 400 | 1.38 |
13 | l-Lactide | [CH3(OCH2CH2)4-PBu3][Tf2N] (0.01 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 87.5 | 4 | 14 000 | 1.71 |
14 | l-Lactide | [CH3(OCH2CH2)4-PBu3][Tf2N] (0.04 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 80.0 | 20 | 13 200 | 1.97 |
15 | l-Lactide | [MeOCH2CH2-Et-Im][Tf2N] (0.03 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 90.0 | 10 | 23 000 | 1.55 |
16 | l-Lactide | [MeOCH2CH2-Py][Tf2N] (0.03 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 78.6 | 14 | 17 300 | 1.29 |
17 | l-Lactide | [MeOCH2CH2-Et3N][Tf2N] (0.03 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 92.5 | 20 | 19 000 | 1.58 |
18 | l-Lactide | [MeOCH2CH2-Me-Pip][Tf2N] (0.03 wt%) | 130 | 7 | 88.0 | 16 | 11 300 | 1.76 |
19 | ε-Caprolactone | No solvent | 70 | 2 | 96.8 | 37 | 13 800 | 1.71 |
20 | ε-Caprolactone | [BMIM][PF6] (0.01 wt%) | 70 | 2 | 87.8 | 55 | 18 500 | 1.94 |
21 | ε-Caprolactone | [CH3OCH2CH2-PBu3][Tf2N] (0.02 wt%) | 70 | 2 | 96.9 | 48 | 18 900 | 1.59 |
22 | ε-Caprolactone | [CH3OCH2CH2-PBu3][beti] (0.02 wt%) | 70 | 2 | 52.1 | 15 | 9100 | 1.19 |
23 | ε-Caprolactone | [CH3(OCH2CH2)2-PBu3][Tf2N] (0.02 wt%) | 70 | 2 | 70.1 | 30 | 14 300 | 1.35 |
24 | ε-Caprolactone | [MeOCH2CH2-Et-Im][Tf2N] (0.03 wt%) | 70 | 2 | 95.7 | 42 | 12 300 | 1.60 |
25 | ε-Caprolactone | [MeOCH2CH2-Py][Tf2N] (0.03 wt%) | 70 | 2 | 94.3 | 32 | 16 200 | 1.34 |
26 | ε-Caprolactone | [MeOCH2CH2-Et3N][Tf2N] (0.03 wt%) | 70 | 2 | 96.4 | 11 | 17 300 | 1.39 |
27 | ε-Caprolactone | [MeOCH2CH2-Me-Pip][Tf2N] (0.03 wt%) | 70 | 2 | 96.1 | 11 | 18 100 | 1.69 |
General reaction conditions (unless otherwise noted): 0.5 g of l-lactide or ε-caprolactone, 0.25 mL of solvent, 100 mg of Novozym 435, gentle stirring (210 rpm) at 130 or 70 °C for 7 or 2 days. GPC-derived Mw values were based on results calibrated using polystyrene standards.
Based on GPC analysis.