XPS results of the different catalysts.
| Sample | Surface atomic concentration (%) | Atomic ratio (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ce | Sn | C | O | Ce3+/(Ce3+ + Ce4+) | ||
| Oα | Oβ | |||||
| CeSn(1.3)/rGO | 2.80 | 4.09 | 64.87 | 18.33 | 9.92 | 18.7 |
| CeSn(3.9)/rGO | 5.59 | 7.59 | 40.12 | 33.13 | 13.57 | 19.8 |
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