Concentration (nmol L−1) of selected VOCs in urine of healthy and CD children to distinguish between the two groups.
| Compound | Healthy children | Celiac disease children | p-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | P25 | P75 | Median | P25 | P75 | ||
| 2.3-Butanedione | 5253.6 | 2131.2 | 7760.9 | 251.9 | 191.3 | 361.0 | 0.0108 |
| 2-Butanone | 5539.2 | 3449.2 | 11270.7 | 801.7 | 663.8 | 2079.1 | 0.0141 |
| Thiophene | NDa | ND | |||||
| Dimethyl disulfide | 386.5 | 232.1 | 530.7 | 96.0 | 73.3 | 154.0 | 0.0108 |
| Hexanal | 1425.8 | 785.2 | 2131.0 | 179.1 | 167.6 | 229.2 | 0.0184 |
| 4-Heptanone | 712.7 | 338.8 | 1600.2 | 155.1 | 99.8 | 286.9 | 0.0237 |
| 2-Heptanone | 67.5 | 39.5 | 99.0 | 7.9 | 4.4 | 9.5 | 0.0108 |
| 2-Pentylfuran | NQb | NQ | |||||
| Dimethyl trisulfide | NQ | NQ | |||||
| 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 9.1 | 7.3 | 16.2 | 15.4 | 15.0 | 17.6 | 0.1629 |
| Benzaldehyde | 546.0 | 440.1 | 645.5 | 145.8 | 99.0 | 332.9 | 0.0485 |
| Octanal | 163.9 | 91.8 | 221.7 | 15.4 | 12.7 | 20.5 | 0.0024 |
| trans-3-Octen-2-one | 12.2 | 0.000 | 24.5 | NQ | 0.1358 | ||
| p-Cresol | NQ | NQ | |||||
| 1,3-Di-tert-butylbenzene | ND | 0.54 | NQ | 0.87 | 0.0029 | ||
a
ND – not detected.
b
NQ – not quantified, below LOQ.