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. 2022 Apr 20;7(17):14666–14677. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07230

Table 3. Design of Experimental Conditions and Methyl Ester Resultsa.

  first-step esterification
 second-step esterification
run M1 (vol %) S1 (vol %) L1 (mm) ME1 (wt %) M2 (vol %) S2 (vol %) L2 (mm) ME2 (wt %)
1 19.8 5.0 400 33.74 26.4 4.0 400 85.11
2 30.0 2.5 200 27.68 40.0 2.0 200 83.34
3 30.0 2.5 600 30.35 40.0 2.0 600 87.96
4 30.0 7.5 200 48.81 40.0 6.0 200 88.34
5 30.0 7.5 600 53.05 40.0 6.0 600 89.11
6 45.0 0.8 400 20.73 60.0 0.6 400 88.50
7 45.0 5.0 100 55.62 60.0 4.0 100 90.50
8 45.0 5.0 400 55.79 60.0 4.0 400 92.59
9 45.0 5.0 400 55.85 60.0 4.0 400 92.29
10 45.0 5.0 400 55.55 60.0 4.0 400 92.34
11 45.0 5.0 400 55.40 60.0 4.0 400 92.39
12 45.0 5.0 700 65.91 60.0 4.0 700 90.91
13 45.0 9.2 400 52.49 60.0 7.4 400 92.59
14 60.0 2.5 200 60.80 80.0 2.0 200 91.46
15 60.0 2.5 600 65.07 80.0 2.0 600 92.17
16 60.0 7.5 200 67.07 80.0 6.0 200 93.17
17 60.0 7.5 600 75.43 80.0 6.0 600 92.17
18 70.2 5.0 400 79.52 93.6 4.0 400 93.02
a

Note: For both the first and second steps: M1, M2 are methanol, S1, S2 are sulfuric acid, L1, L2 are length of ultrasound clamp, and ME1, ME2 are purity of methyl ester