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. 2022 May 10;17(5):e0268087. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268087

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© 2022 Yagi et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 2 — (a) The beam size defined by one sigma in the isocenter plane (z = 0) vs. energy—solid line: calculated spot size in the x-direction; dotted line: calculated spot size in the y-direction; circles: measured spot size in the x-direction; triangles: calculated spot size in the y-direction; red solid line: error in the spot size in the x-direction; red dotted line: error in the spot size in the y-direction. The lateral in-air dose profiles are shown for a pencil beam at selected energies and different positions. The selected energies are (b) 140.0 MeV/u, (c) 302.1 MeV/u, and (d) 430.0 MeV/u. The lateral in-air dose profiles are measured at z = +200 mm (circles), 0 mm (triangles), and −200 mm (squares), whereas they are calculated at z = +200 mm (dotted lines), 0 mm (solid lines), and −200 mm (dashed lines).