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. 2022 May 9;7(9):e156973. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.156973

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© 2022 Olofsen et al.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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α_B, α_F: intrinsic activity of buprenorphine and fentanyl, respectively (which also accounts for receptor reserve); B, F: effect site concentrations for buprenorphine and fentanyl, respectively; BR, FR: concentrations of receptors bound to buprenorphine and fentanyl, respectively; BUP: buprenorphine; k_e0,B, k_e0,F: equilibration rate constants for buprenorphine and fentanyl, respectively; k_ON,B, k_OFF,B: buprenorphine association and disassociation rate constants; k_ON,F, k_OFF,F: fentanyl association and disassociation rate constants; R: concentration of unbound receptors; V_B: baseline ventilation; V_E: minute ventilation. Because fentanyl associates and dissociates rapidly from the receptors, C_50,F (=k_OFF,F/k_ON,F) was estimated in place of k_OFF,F and k_ON,F.