Table 2.
Characteristics, underlying conditions, therapeutics, and outcomes among people living with HIV hospitalised with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, by outcome status
| Total | Death (n=3913) | Discharged alive (n=12 166) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group, years | ||||
| ≤18 | 232 | 34 (0·8%) | 198 (1·7%) | <0·0001 |
| >18–45 | 7736 | 1328 (34·2%) | 6408 (53·8%) | .. |
| >45–65 | 6632 | 1977 (50·9%) | 4655 (39·1%) | .. |
| >65–75 | 977 | 446 (11·5%) | 531 (4·5%) | .. |
| >75 | 214 | 100 (2·6%) | 114 (0·9%) | .. |
| Unknown | 288 | 28 | 260 | .. |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 5922 | 1684 (43·1%) | 4238 (35·1%) | <0·0001 |
| Female | 10 087 | 2223 (56·9%) | 7864 (64·9%) | .. |
| Unknown | 70 | 6 | 64 | .. |
| Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) | ||||
| Yes | 20 | 5 (29·4%) | 15 (14·4%) | 0·122 |
| No | 101 | 12 (70·6%) | 89 (85·6%) | .. |
| Unknown | 15 958 | 3896 | 12 062 | .. |
| Corticosteroid use during hospitalisation | ||||
| Yes | 1141 | 375 (9·7%) | 766 (6·5%) | <0·0001 |
| No | 14 485 | 3470 (90·3%) | 11 015 (93·5%) | .. |
| Unknown | 453 | 68 | 385 | .. |
| Systemic anticoagulant use during hospitalisation | ||||
| Yes | 94 | 26 (59·1%) | 68 (32·5%) | <0·0001 |
| No | 159 | 18 (40·9%) | 141 (67·5%) | .. |
| Unknown | 15 826 | 3869 | 11 957 | .. |
| Chronic cardiac disease | ||||
| Yes | 501 | 127 (4·6%) | 374 (3·9%) | 0·113 |
| No | 11 670 | 2607 (95·4%) | 9063 (96·1%) | .. |
| Unknown | 3908 | 1179 | 2729 | .. |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 3042 | 1026 (32·9%) | 2016 (19·4%) | <0·0001 |
| No | 10 470 | 2093 (67·1%) | 8377 (80·6%) | .. |
| Unknown | 2567 | 794 | 1773 | .. |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 4606 | 1422 (43·8%) | 3184 (30·1%) | <0·0001 |
| No | 9250 | 1825 (56·2%) | 7425 (69·9%) | .. |
| Unknown | 2223 | 666 | 1557 | .. |
| Current smoking | ||||
| Yes | 397 | 108 (9·5%) | 289 (8·4%) | 0·251 |
| No | 4166 | 1025 (90·5%) | 3141 (91·6%) | .. |
| Unknown | 11 516 | 2780 | 8736 | .. |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | ||||
| Yes | 781 | 177 (6·5%) | 604 (6·5%) | 0·871 |
| No | 11 274 | 2527 (93·5%) | 8747 (93·5%) | .. |
| Unknown | 4024 | 1209 | 2815 | .. |
| Tuberculosis | ||||
| Yes | 3001 | 794 (28·3%) | 2207 (22·9%) | <0·0001 |
| No | 9432 | 2017 (71·7%) | 7415 (77·1%) | .. |
| Unknown | 3646 | 1102 | 2544 | .. |
| Asthma | ||||
| Yes | 890 | 181 (6·5%) | 709 (7·3%) | 0·186 |
| No | 11 640 | 2589 (93·5%) | 9051 (92·7%) | .. |
| Unknown | 3549 | 1143 | 2406 | .. |
| Chronic kidney disease | ||||
| Yes | 658 | 275 (10·1%) | 383 (4·1%) | <0·0001 |
| No | 11 393 | 2449 (89·9%) | 8944 (95·9%) | .. |
| Unknown | 4028 | 1189 | 2839 | .. |
| Malignant neoplasm | ||||
| Yes | 183 | 70 (2·7%) | 113 (1·3%) | <0·0001 |
| No | 11 411 | 2569 (97·3%) | 8842 (98·7%) | .. |
| Unknown | 4485 | 1274 | 3211 | .. |
| Chronic liver disease | ||||
| Yes | 81 | 11 (11·0%) | 70 (11·6%) | 0·851 |
| No | 620 | 89 (89·0%) | 531 (88·3%) | .. |
| Unknown | 15 378 | 3813 | 11 565 | .. |
| Chronic neurological disorder | ||||
| Yes | 19 | 5 (9·4%) | 14 (5·5%) | 0·281 |
| No | 288 | 48 (90·6%) | 240 (94·5%) | .. |
| Unknown | 15 772 | 3860 | 11 912 | .. |
| Comorbidity burden | ||||
| None | 5725 | 946 (27·1%) | 4779 (43·2%) | <0·0001 |
| 1–2 | 7623 | 2171 (62·2%) | 5452 (49·3%) | .. |
| ≥3 | 1208 | 371 (10·7%) | 837 (7·5%) | .. |
| Unknown | 1523 | 425 | 1098 | .. |
| Severity of illness on admission | ||||
| Mild or moderate illness | 9778 | 1675 (43·3%) | 8103 (68·7%) | <0·0001 |
| Severe or critical illness | 5889 | 2196 (56·7%) | 3693 (31·3%) | .. |
| Unknown | 16 413 | 3931 | 12 482 | .. |
| Admission to ICU | ||||
| Yes | 344 | 227 (7·1%) | 117 (1·5%) | <0·0001 |
| No | 10 600 | 2992 (92·9%) | 7608 (98·5%) | .. |
| Unknown | 5135 | 694 | 4441 | .. |
ART=antiretroviral therapy. BMI=body-mass index. ICU=intensive care unit. Column percentages are calculated excluding unknown categories.