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. 2022 May 11;42(6):1130–1136. doi: 10.1007/s10875-022-01283-9

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Fig. 2 — Increasing anti-spike 1/anti-nucleocapsid antibody ratio over time in commercial immunoglobulin products correlates with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of the plasma donor population. The date SARS-CoV-2 vaccination started in the USA is indicated (vertical black line). A fitted line (dotted) represents a rough estimate of the change in anti-spike 1 (S1)/anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibody ratio after this date