a, Lateral and axial (along red dashed line) images of myotomes in the mid-trunk of a 4-day-old zebrafish larva Tg(β-actin:HRAS-EGFP), at an imaging depth of 110 μm from the surface, without and with AO (phase modulation). Post-objective power: 13 mW. b, Signal profiles in the axial plane along the yellow lines in a. c, Corrective wavefront in a. d-i, Imaging of dendrites in the cerebral cortex of Thy1-YFP-H mice. d,g, Maximum intensity projections of dendrites at 365–375 μm and 490–513 μm below dura, respectively, under 920 nm excitation, without and with AO (phase modulation). Post-objective power: 31 (d) and 128 mW (g). e,h, Signal profiles along the purple and blue lines in d and g, respectively. f,i, Corrective wavefronts in d and g, respectively. Insets in a, d, and g: spatial frequency space representations of the corresponding fluorescence images; dashed circles: diffraction-limited resolution. Scale bars, 10 μm in a and 5 μm in d and g. Microscope objective: NA 0.8 16× for a and NA 1.05 25× for d and g. Zebrafish imaging: representative results from 3 fields of view and 2 zebrafish larvae; mouse brain imaging: representative results from 13 fields of view and 3 mice.