Impedance parameters for copper in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution in the absence and presence of different concentrations of four IA-based compounds at 298 K.
| C (mM) | R f (Ω cm2) | R ct (kΩ cm2) | R p (kΩ cm2) | C f (μF cm−2) | n 1 | C dl (μF cm−2) | n 2 | W (× 10−2 Ω cm2 s1/2) | η (%) | χ 2 (× 10−2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blank | 7.8 | 0.40 | 0.41 ± 0.02 | 33.2 | 0.93 | 43.0 | 0.43 | 1.31 | — | 0.62 |
| IA | ||||||||||
| 0.001 | 13.6 | 0.48 | 0.49 ± 0.02 | 19.4 | 1 | 31.4 | 0.57 | 0.87 | 16.3 | 0.54 |
| 0.01 | 29.3 | 0.51 | 0.54 ± 0.03 | 15.9 | 1 | 20.5 | 0.57 | 0.49 | 24.1 | 0.83 |
| 0.1 | 30.1 | 0.88 | 0.91 ± 0.02 | 10.5 | 1 | 17.7 | 0.67 | 0.47 | 54.9 | 1.16 |
| 1 | 43.2 | 0.92 | 0.96 ± 0.03 | 9.0 | 0.98 | 16.1 | 0.56 | 0.76 | 57.3 | 0.97 |
| 4-FIA | ||||||||||
| 0.001 | 40.3 | 1.79 | 1.83 ± 0.05 | 14.2 | 1 | 13.5 | 0.72 | 0.32 | 77.6 | 0.66 |
| 0.01 | 39.5 | 2.89 | 2.93 ± 0.07 | 12.9 | 1 | 13.6 | 0.76 | 0.20 | 86.0 | 0.53 |
| 0.1 | 41.8 | 5.25 | 5.29 ± 0.06 | 8.2 | 1 | 8.7 | 0.71 | 0.31 | 92.2 | 0.49 |
| 1 | 247.1 | 13.2 | 13.5 ± 0.10 | 4.5 | 1 | 6.9 | 0.73 | — | 97.0 | 1.02 |
| 4-CIA | ||||||||||
| 0.001 | 58.8 | 3.24 | 3.30 ± 0.04 | 18.0 | 0.92 | 19.2 | 0.74 | 0.15 | 87.6 | 1.14 |
| 0.01 | 102.4 | 4.72 | 4.82 ± 0.04 | 17.3 | 0.93 | 16.5 | 0.72 | 0.40 | 91.5 | 0.87 |
| 0.1 | 210.7 | 15.7 | 15.9 ± 0.09 | 4.9 | 1 | 7.8 | 0.70 | — | 97.4 | 0.90 |
| 1 | 270.3 | 95.2 | 95.5 ± 0.18 | 3.1 | 1 | 6.6 | 0.72 | — | 99.6 | 0.45 |
| 4-BIA | ||||||||||
| 0.001 | 41.2 | 1.55 | 1.59 ± 0.03 | 11.2 | 1 | 15.9 | 0.66 | 0.37 | 74.2 | 0.77 |
| 0.01 | 85.1 | 1.78 | 1.87 ± 0.03 | 7.7 | 1 | 10.3 | 0.74 | 0.26 | 78.1 | 0.82 |
| 0.1 | 142.1 | 14.9 | 15.0 ± 0.07 | 6.0 | 0.97 | 9.2 | 0.71 | — | 97.3 | 1.10 |
| 1 | 174.0 | 19.7 | 19.9 ± 0.10 | 6.1 | 0.97 | 8.7 | 0.73 | — | 97.9 | 0.98 |